{"id":5169,"date":"2024-10-11T12:00:41","date_gmt":"2024-10-11T10:00:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/my-swiss-company.com\/our-services\/swiss-resident-director-and-swiss-nominee-director-services-in-switzerland\/"},"modified":"2026-05-28T09:35:28","modified_gmt":"2026-05-28T07:35:28","slug":"swiss-resident-director-swiss-nominee","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/my-swiss-company.com\/en\/our-services\/swiss-resident-director-swiss-nominee\/","title":{"rendered":"Swiss resident director and Swiss nominee director services in Switzerland"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#1C1C1E&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; width=&#8221;90%&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_code _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<section class=\"hero-svc-wrap\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"svc-hero-in\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<nav class=\"svc-hero-crumb\" aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <a href=\"\/en\/\">Home<\/a><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M9 18l6-6-6-6\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <a href=\"https:\/\/my-swiss-company.com\/en\/our-services\/\">Our services<\/a><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M9 18l6-6-6-6\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span>Swiss Resident Director Services<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/nav>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"svc-hero-content\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"svc-hero-badge\">Service \u00b7 Governance &#038; Direction<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<h1>Swiss Resident Director &#038; Manager Services <em>\u2014 substance-driven trustee mandate.<\/em><\/h1>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"svc-hero-narrative\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>My Swiss Company SA provides senior Swiss resident director and Swiss resident manager services to foreign companies, holdings, family offices and international groups operating Swiss SA, S\u00e0rl, branch offices, associations or foundations. We deliver far more than a name on the Commercial Register: governance, corporate secretariat, accounting, taxation, compliance, registered address and full administrative oversight \u2014 building a credible, coherent and defensible Swiss presence in front of banks, tax authorities and institutional partners. Beyond the nominee director model, we operate a substance-driven trustee mandate fully compliant with Art. 718 Swiss Code of Obligations (CO).<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"hero-acts\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <a class=\"btn-primary\" href=\"#contact\"><span>Request an initial consultation \u2192<\/span><\/a><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <a class=\"btn-ghost\" href=\"tel:+41225668244\">+41 22 566 82 44<\/a><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"g-rating\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <svg class=\"g-rating-icon\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"20\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <path fill=\"#4285F4\" d=\"M22.56 12.25c0-.78-.07-1.53-.2-2.25H12v4.26h5.92a5.06 5.06 0 01-2.2 3.32v2.77h3.57c2.08-1.92 3.28-4.74 3.28-8.1z\"\/><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <path fill=\"#34A853\" d=\"M12 23c2.97 0 5.46-.98 7.28-2.66l-3.57-2.77c-.98.66-2.23 1.06-3.71 1.06-2.86 0-5.29-1.93-6.16-4.53H2.18v2.84C3.99 20.53 7.7 23 12 23z\"\/><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <path fill=\"#FBBC05\" d=\"M5.84 14.09c-.22-.66-.35-1.36-.35-2.09s.13-1.43.35-2.09V7.07H2.18A10.96 10.96 0 001 12c0 1.77.42 3.45 1.18 4.93l3.66-2.84z\"\/><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <path fill=\"#EA4335\" d=\"M12 5.38c1.62 0 3.06.56 4.21 1.64l3.15-3.15C17.45 2.09 14.97 1 12 1 7.7 1 3.99 3.47 2.18 7.07l3.66 2.84c.87-2.6 3.3-4.53 6.16-4.53z\"\/><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<div class=\"g-rating-stars\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <svg viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\"><path d=\"M8 0l2.5 5 5.5.8-4 3.9.9 5.3L8 12.5 3.1 15l.9-5.3-4-3.9L5.5 5z\" fill=\"#FBBC05\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <svg viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\"><path d=\"M8 0l2.5 5 5.5.8-4 3.9.9 5.3L8 12.5 3.1 15l.9-5.3-4-3.9L5.5 5z\" fill=\"#FBBC05\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <svg viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\"><path d=\"M8 0l2.5 5 5.5.8-4 3.9.9 5.3L8 12.5 3.1 15l.9-5.3-4-3.9L5.5 5z\" fill=\"#FBBC05\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <svg viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\"><path d=\"M8 0l2.5 5 5.5.8-4 3.9.9 5.3L8 12.5 3.1 15l.9-5.3-4-3.9L5.5 5z\" fill=\"#FBBC05\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <svg viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\"><defs><lineargradient id=\"hsg-adminres-1\"><stop offset=\"70%\" stop-color=\"#FBBC05\"\/><stop offset=\"70%\" stop-color=\"#E5E5EA\"\/><\/lineargradient><\/defs><path d=\"M8 0l2.5 5 5.5.8-4 3.9.9 5.3L8 12.5 3.1 15l.9-5.3-4-3.9L5.5 5z\" fill=\"url(#hsg-adminres-1)\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <pee><span class=\"g-rating-text\"><strong>4.7\/5<\/strong> from 31 Google reviews<\/span><\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"svc-hero-meta\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"svc-hero-meta-item\"><span class=\"svc-hero-meta-label\">Legal framework<\/span><span class=\"svc-hero-meta-value\">Art. 718 para. 4 &#038; <em>814 para. 3 CO<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"svc-hero-meta-item\"><span class=\"svc-hero-meta-label\">Structures<\/span><span class=\"svc-hero-meta-value\">SA \u00b7 S\u00e0rl \u00b7 <em>foundations<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"svc-hero-meta-item\"><span class=\"svc-hero-meta-label\">Presence<\/span><span class=\"svc-hero-meta-value\">Geneva \u00b7 Lucerne \u00b7 <em>Zug<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"svc-hero-meta-item\"><span class=\"svc-hero-meta-label\">Approach<\/span><span class=\"svc-hero-meta-value\">Prior <em>analysis<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"svc-hero-side\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"svc-hero-image\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Swiss resident director services \u2014 credible governance for international structures\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/my-swiss-company.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/mandat-administrateur.webp\"\/><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"svc-hero-brief-card\">Swiss resident director mandate <span>strictly on client instructions<\/span> \u2014 credible governance, regular oversight, documented compliance.<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/section>\n<p>[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; width=&#8221;90%&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_code _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<section><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"section-head anim\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"chapter-mark\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"chapter-num\">01<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"chapter-label\">Legal framework<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"chapter-rule\"><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<h2 class=\"h2\">Why a Swiss resident director is <em>mandatory.<\/em><\/h2>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><pee class=\"lead\">We support international groups, foreign SMEs, holdings, start-ups, associations, foundations and international entrepreneurs seeking to establish a credible presence in Switzerland. Our role: implement local governance that is compliant, defensible and aligned with the current expectations of banks, tax authorities and institutional partners \u2014 the foundation of any robust Swiss director services engagement.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- SA \/ Sarl frame --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"legal-forms anim\" style=\"display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(320px,1fr));gap:20px;margin-bottom:40px;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div style=\"display:flex;gap:18px;align-items:flex-start;border:1px solid var(--msc-gray-200);border-radius:var(--msc-radius);padding:24px;background:#fff;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span style=\"display:inline-flex;width:48px;height:48px;border-radius:12px;background:var(--msc-gray-50);align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;font-family:var(--msc-font-display);font-style:italic;font-size:20px;color:var(--msc-red);\">SA<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span style=\"display:block;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.18em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--msc-gray-500);margin-bottom:6px;\">Swiss public limited company<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee style=\"margin:0;font-size:15px;line-height:1.6;\">For an SA (Swiss public limited company), at least one person domiciled in Switzerland must be able to represent the company \u2014 the cornerstone of any Swiss resident director arrangement under Art. 718 para. 4 CO.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div style=\"display:flex;gap:18px;align-items:flex-start;border:1px solid var(--msc-gray-200);border-radius:var(--msc-radius);padding:24px;background:#fff;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span style=\"display:inline-flex;width:48px;height:48px;border-radius:12px;background:var(--msc-gray-50);align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;font-family:var(--msc-font-display);font-style:italic;font-size:18px;color:var(--msc-red);\">S\u00e0rl<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span style=\"display:block;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.18em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--msc-gray-500);margin-bottom:6px;\">Swiss limited liability company<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee style=\"margin:0;font-size:15px;line-height:1.6;\">For a S\u00e0rl (Swiss limited liability company), at least one Swiss resident manager with signing authority is required under Art. 814 CO.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- 2 cards: Purpose \/ Modern reading --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"legal-grid anim\" style=\"display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(320px,1fr));gap:24px;margin-bottom:32px;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid var(--msc-gray-200);border-radius:var(--msc-radius);padding:32px;background:#fff;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-head-row-sm\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <svg width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--msc-black)\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><rect x=\"3\" y=\"3\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" rx=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M9 9h6v6H9z\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"arsv-eyebrow\">Legal purpose<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<h3 class=\"arsv-h3-md\">This requirement aims to enable<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<div class=\"svc-filter-col--accept\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<ul class=\"svc-filter-list\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>legal representation of the company,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>communications with the authorities,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>fulfilment of administrative obligations,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>management of tax obligations,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>and a number of governance and compliance requirements.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid var(--msc-gray-200);border-radius:var(--msc-radius);padding:32px;background:var(--msc-gray-50);color:var(--msc-black);\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-head-row-sm\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <svg width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--msc-red)\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M2 12s3-7 10-7 10 7 10 7-3 7-10 7-10-7-10-7z\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"arsv-eyebrow\">Modern reading<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<h3 class=\"arsv-h3-md-black\">What the authorities now scrutinise<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<ul class=\"svc-filter-list\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>the genuine involvement of the director,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>the coherence of the structure,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>the activities actually carried out,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>international flows,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>the reality of Swiss economic substance,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>effective management,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>and the related tax and regulatory risks \u2014 all factors that distinguish substance-driven Swiss director services from offshore models.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- Practice note --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"anim\" style=\"display:flex;gap:14px;align-items:flex-start;padding:20px 24px;background:var(--msc-gray-50);border-radius:var(--msc-radius);\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--msc-red)\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"flex-shrink:0;margin-top:3px;\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\"\/><path d=\"M12 8v4\"\/><path d=\"M12 16h.01\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <pee style=\"margin:0 0 8px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.6;\">In current practice, this obligation has become far more strategic than it once was.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <pee style=\"margin:0;font-size:15px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--msc-gray-700);\">Authorities and banks no longer view the Swiss resident director as a mere name on the Commercial Register.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/section>\n<p>[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; width=&#8221;90%&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_code _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<section><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"svc-eeat-head anim\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"chapter-mark\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"chapter-num\">02<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"chapter-label\">Authority &#038; contact<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"chapter-rule\"><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<h2 class=\"svc-eeat-title\">Why our clients <em>choose us.<\/em><\/h2>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <pee class=\"svc-eeat-intro\">A demanding Swiss resident director mandate \u2014 the heart of our Swiss director services: 20 years of practice, rigorous file selection, documented governance, regular oversight of tax, social-insurance and banking obligations. We accept only structures that remain coherent and defensible over the long term \u2014 the antithesis of offshore nominee director services.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"g-rating\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <svg class=\"g-rating-icon\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"20\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <path fill=\"#4285F4\" d=\"M22.56 12.25c0-.78-.07-1.53-.2-2.25H12v4.26h5.92a5.06 5.06 0 01-2.2 3.32v2.77h3.57c2.08-1.92 3.28-4.74 3.28-8.1z\"\/><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <path fill=\"#34A853\" d=\"M12 23c2.97 0 5.46-.98 7.28-2.66l-3.57-2.77c-.98.66-2.23 1.06-3.71 1.06-2.86 0-5.29-1.93-6.16-4.53H2.18v2.84C3.99 20.53 7.7 23 12 23z\"\/><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <path fill=\"#FBBC05\" d=\"M5.84 14.09c-.22-.66-.35-1.36-.35-2.09s.13-1.43.35-2.09V7.07H2.18A10.96 10.96 0 001 12c0 1.77.42 3.45 1.18 4.93l3.66-2.84z\"\/><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <path fill=\"#EA4335\" d=\"M12 5.38c1.62 0 3.06.56 4.21 1.64l3.15-3.15C17.45 2.09 14.97 1 12 1 7.7 1 3.99 3.47 2.18 7.07l3.66 2.84c.87-2.6 3.3-4.53 6.16-4.53z\"\/><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"g-rating-stars\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <svg viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\"><path d=\"M8 0l2.5 5 5.5.8-4 3.9.9 5.3L8 12.5 3.1 15l.9-5.3-4-3.9L5.5 5z\" fill=\"#FBBC05\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <svg viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\"><path d=\"M8 0l2.5 5 5.5.8-4 3.9.9 5.3L8 12.5 3.1 15l.9-5.3-4-3.9L5.5 5z\" fill=\"#FBBC05\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <svg viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\"><path d=\"M8 0l2.5 5 5.5.8-4 3.9.9 5.3L8 12.5 3.1 15l.9-5.3-4-3.9L5.5 5z\" fill=\"#FBBC05\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <svg viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\"><path d=\"M8 0l2.5 5 5.5.8-4 3.9.9 5.3L8 12.5 3.1 15l.9-5.3-4-3.9L5.5 5z\" fill=\"#FBBC05\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <svg viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\"><defs><lineargradient id=\"hsg-adminres-2\"><stop offset=\"70%\" stop-color=\"#FBBC05\"\/><stop offset=\"70%\" stop-color=\"#E5E5EA\"\/><\/lineargradient><\/defs><path d=\"M8 0l2.5 5 5.5.8-4 3.9.9 5.3L8 12.5 3.1 15l.9-5.3-4-3.9L5.5 5z\" fill=\"url(#hsg-adminres-2)\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <pee><span class=\"g-rating-text-black\"><strong>4.7\/5<\/strong> from 31 Google reviews<\/span><\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"svc-eeat-stats\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<article class=\"svc-eeat-stat\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"svc-eeat-stat-check\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\"><path d=\"M5 12l5 5L20 7\"\/><\/svg> Experience<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"svc-eeat-stat-num\">20 <em>years<\/em><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <pee class=\"svc-eeat-stat-desc\">of practice on Swiss board mandates, VAT and AHV audits, and complex international files.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/article>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<article class=\"svc-eeat-stat\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"svc-eeat-stat-check\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\"><path d=\"M5 12l5 5L20 7\"\/><\/svg> Senior expertise<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"svc-eeat-stat-num\">5 <em>credentials<\/em><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <pee class=\"svc-eeat-stat-desc\">federal and international: Federal Diploma in Finance &#038; Investments, CIWM, STEP\/TEP, CAS in SME Taxation, IAF.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/article>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<article class=\"svc-eeat-stat\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"svc-eeat-stat-check\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\"><path d=\"M5 12l5 5L20 7\"\/><\/svg> Reach<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"svc-eeat-stat-num\">3 <em>cantons<\/em><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <pee class=\"svc-eeat-stat-desc\">Geneva, Lucerne, Zug \u2014 coordinated with notaries, banks, tax authorities and AHV offices.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/article>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<article class=\"svc-eeat-stat\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"svc-eeat-stat-check\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\"><path d=\"M5 12l5 5L20 7\"\/><\/svg> Testimonials<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"svc-eeat-stat-num\">4.7 <em>\/5<\/em><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <pee class=\"svc-eeat-stat-desc\">on 31 published Google reviews \u2014 documented quality of support and responsiveness.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/article>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"svc-eeat-expert anim\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"svc-eeat-expert-avatar\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Andres Taracido\"><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"svc-eeat-expert-body\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"svc-eeat-expert-tag\">File framing<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<h3>Your contact person<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <pee><strong>Andres Taracido<\/strong> \u2014 Swiss Federal Diploma in Finance and Investments; CIWM; STEP\/TEP; CAS in SME Taxation; IAF Insurance &#038; Pension Adviser.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <a class=\"svc-eeat-expert-link\" href=\"https:\/\/my-swiss-company.com\/en\/about-us\/your-expert-andres-taracido\/\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      Expert page <svg viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/a><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"svc-reviews anim\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"svc-reviews-head\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<h3>What our clients say.<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"svc-reviews-head-score\"><strong>\u2605 4.7\/5<\/strong> \u00b7 31 reviews published on Google Business Profile<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"svc-reviews-grid\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<article class=\"svc-review\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span class=\"svc-review-stars\">\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee class=\"svc-review-quote\">Faultless support when setting up our Swiss structure. Andres immediately identified the substance risks and built a credible governance framework.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span class=\"svc-review-author\">Kunal Fabiani \u2014 International group<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/article>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<article class=\"svc-review\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span class=\"svc-review-stars\">\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee class=\"svc-review-quote\">Very rigorous prior analysis. My Swiss Company declines files that are too risky, which speaks volumes about the firm\u2019s seriousness.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span class=\"svc-review-author\">Alexandre Mottard \u2014 Holding<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/article>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<article class=\"svc-review\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span class=\"svc-review-stars\">\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee class=\"svc-review-quote\">Attentive monitoring of VAT, AHV and banking obligations. A genuine governance partner, not a passive director.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span class=\"svc-review-author\">Emmanuel Figuereau \u2014 Swiss SME<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/article>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/section>\n<p>[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; width=&#8221;90%&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_code _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<section><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"section-head anim\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"chapter-mark\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"chapter-num\">03<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"chapter-label\">Banking compliance<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"chapter-rule\"><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<h2 class=\"h2\">Why banks now scrutinise the <em>Swiss resident director.<\/em><\/h2>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <pee class=\"lead\">Many foreign entrepreneurs still believe that a Swiss company, an address and a Swiss resident director are enough to open a bank account easily.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- Intro paragraphs --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"anim\" style=\"margin-bottom:32px;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <pee style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:1.7;margin:0 0 12px;\">For many years now, this has no longer been the reality. Some clients wrongly assume that opening a bank account is a mere formality.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <pee style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:1.7;margin:0;font-family:var(--msc-font-display);font-style:italic;color:var(--msc-black);\">Swiss banks now apply extremely strict compliance procedures.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- BLOCK 1 --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"anim arsv-mb-lg\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-head-letter\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-num-letter\">A.<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<h3 class=\"arsv-h3-block\">Bank screening criteria<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <pee style=\"font-size:14px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--msc-gray-600);margin:0 0 16px;\">In current banking practice, they specifically analyse:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0;display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(260px,1fr));gap:12px;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<li class=\"arsv-card-row\"><span class=\"arsv-icon-circle\">01<\/span><span>the reality of the economic activity,<\/span><\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<li class=\"arsv-card-row\"><span class=\"arsv-icon-circle\">02<\/span><span>the country of residence of the shareholders,<\/span><\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<li class=\"arsv-card-row\"><span class=\"arsv-icon-circle\">03<\/span><span>the financial flows,<\/span><\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<li class=\"arsv-card-row\"><span class=\"arsv-icon-circle\">04<\/span><span>the nature of the clients,<\/span><\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<li class=\"arsv-card-row\"><span class=\"arsv-icon-circle\">05<\/span><span>the countries involved,<\/span><\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<li class=\"arsv-card-row\"><span class=\"arsv-icon-circle\">06<\/span><span>the physical presence in Switzerland,<\/span><\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<li class=\"arsv-card-row\"><span class=\"arsv-icon-circle\">07<\/span><span>AMLA \/ KYC risks,<\/span><\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<li class=\"arsv-card-row\"><span class=\"arsv-icon-circle\">08<\/span><span>governance,<\/span><\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<li class=\"arsv-card-row\"><span class=\"arsv-icon-circle\">09<\/span><span>and the actual role of the Swiss resident director.<\/span><\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- BLOCK 2 --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"anim arsv-mb-lg\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-head-letter\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-num-letter\">B.<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<h3 class=\"arsv-h3-block\">Sensitive activities<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <pee style=\"font-size:14px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--msc-gray-600);margin:0 0 16px;\">Certain activities have become particularly sensitive:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-pill-dot\"><span class=\"arsv-dot-md\"><\/span>commodity trading<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-pill-dot\"><span class=\"arsv-dot-md\"><\/span>crypto assets<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-pill-dot\"><span class=\"arsv-dot-md\"><\/span>financial services<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-pill-dot\"><span class=\"arsv-dot-md\"><\/span>payments<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-pill-dot\"><span class=\"arsv-dot-md\"><\/span>gaming<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-pill-dot\"><span class=\"arsv-dot-md\"><\/span>offshore structures<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-pill-dot\"><span class=\"arsv-dot-md\"><\/span>highly internationalised activities lacking real substance<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- BLOCK 3 --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"anim arsv-mb-lg\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:14px;margin-bottom:14px;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-num-letter\">C.<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<h3 class=\"arsv-h3-block\">Active company or passive company?<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <pee style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:1.7;color:var(--msc-gray-700);margin:0 0 20px;\">Banks must also determine, before opening any account, whether the Swiss company should be treated as an active company or as a passive company (often referred to as a domicile company).<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <pee style=\"font-size:14px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--msc-gray-600);margin:0 0 20px;\">This classification has become central under:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px;margin-bottom:28px;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-pill-acronym\">CDB <span class=\"arsv-pill-acronym-mute\">\u00b7 Swiss Banks\u2019 Due Diligence Agreement<\/span><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-pill-acronym\">FATCA <span class=\"arsv-pill-acronym-mute\">\u00b7 US rules<\/span><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-pill-acronym\">CRS <span class=\"arsv-pill-acronym-mute\">\u00b7 Common Reporting Standard<\/span><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- Active vs Passive comparison --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div style=\"display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(320px,1fr));gap:20px;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <!-- PASSIVE --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid var(--msc-gray-200);border-radius:var(--msc-radius);padding:28px;background:#fff;position:relative;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span style=\"position:absolute;top:-12px;left:24px;background:var(--msc-gray-50);color:var(--msc-black);padding:6px 14px;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.2em;text-transform:uppercase;border-radius:999px;\">Passive company<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee style=\"font-size:14px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--msc-gray-700);margin:14px 0 18px;\">In practice, a passive company is generally a structure:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<ul class=\"svc-filter-list\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>with no genuine entrepreneurial activity,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>with no employees,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>with no significant operational presence,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>whose income comes mainly from passive sources,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>or used essentially to hold assets, equity interests or international financial flows.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div style=\"padding-top:20px;border-top:1px solid var(--msc-gray-100);\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span style=\"display:block;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.18em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--msc-red);font-weight:600;margin-bottom:10px;\">Enhanced obligations<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <pee style=\"font-size:13.5px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--msc-gray-700);margin:0 0 12px;\">When a company is treated as passive, the bank\u2019s compliance obligations become significantly heavier. Banks must in particular:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->                <\/p>\n<ul class=\"svc-filter-list\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>identify the beneficial owners,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>analyse the ultimate beneficiaries,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>determine the tax residencies of the persons controlling the structure,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>perform certain regulatory classifications,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>and, in many cases, carry out international tax reporting obligations under FATCA and CRS.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <!-- ACTIVE --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid var(--msc-gray-200);border-radius:var(--msc-radius);padding:28px;background:var(--msc-gray-50);color:var(--msc-black);position:relative;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span style=\"position:absolute;top:-12px;left:24px;background:var(--msc-red);color:#fff;padding:6px 14px;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.2em;text-transform:uppercase;border-radius:999px;\">Active company<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee style=\"font-size:14px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--msc-gray-600);margin:14px 0 18px;\">Conversely, when a company is presented as active, banks generally expect evidence of genuine Swiss economic substance, in particular:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<div class=\"svc-filter-col--accept\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<ul class=\"svc-filter-list\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>dedicated offices,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>employees,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>an identifiable entrepreneurial activity,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>effective management,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>genuine operations,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>and overall consistency between the structure, the flows and the declared activity.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- BLOCK 4 --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"anim arsv-mb-lg\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:14px;margin-bottom:14px;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-num-letter\">D.<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<h3 class=\"arsv-h3-block\">Sensitive signals &#038; grounds for refusal<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <pee style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:1.7;color:var(--msc-gray-700);margin:0 0 24px;\">The signals that make a file sensitive \u2014 and the grounds for refusal \u2014 become even more pronounced when:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div style=\"display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(320px,1fr));gap:20px;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div style=\"border-left:3px solid var(--msc-gray-300);background:var(--msc-gray-50);border-radius:0 var(--msc-radius) var(--msc-radius) 0;padding:24px 28px;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span style=\"display:block;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.18em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--msc-gray-600);font-weight:600;margin-bottom:14px;\">Aggravating factors<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<ul class=\"svc-filter-list\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>the shareholders are resident abroad,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>the beneficial owners are international,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>the flows are cross-border,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>or the structure shows limited economic substance in Switzerland.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee style=\"margin:18px 0 0;font-size:13.5px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--msc-gray-700);font-style:italic;\">We see again and again that opening accounts for passive or domicile companies has become significantly more complex than it was a few years ago.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div style=\"border-left:3px solid var(--msc-red);background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--msc-gray-200);border-left:3px solid var(--msc-red);border-radius:0 var(--msc-radius) var(--msc-radius) 0;padding:24px 28px;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span class=\"arsv-eyebrow-red-mb\">Observed grounds for refusal<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee style=\"margin:0 0 14px;font-size:13.5px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--msc-gray-700);\">In many situations, a mere administrative registered address with a nominee director is no longer enough to convince banks \u2014 especially on international files. We have seen many structures refused when:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<div class=\"svc-filter-col--refuse\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<ul class=\"svc-filter-list\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>the Swiss presence looks artificial,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>the director appears purely formal,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>there is no clear economic rationale,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>Swiss economic substance appears insufficient,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>or compliance and reporting risks become too high.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- BLOCK 5 --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"anim\" style=\"background:var(--msc-gray-50);color:var(--msc-black);border-radius:var(--msc-radius);padding:36px 40px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(280px,1fr));gap:32px;align-items:center;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span style=\"display:block;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.18em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--msc-red);font-weight:600;margin-bottom:12px;\">Our upstream involvement<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:var(--msc-font-display);font-size:26px;margin:0 0 14px;line-height:1.2;color:var(--msc-black);\">Our involvement <em class=\"arsv-em-red\">upstream<\/em><\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <pee style=\"margin:0;font-size:14px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--msc-gray-600);\">We regularly step in upstream to assess risk: before any banking filing, we structure a prior analysis covering every dimension of risk \u2014 far removed from offshore nominee director services that simply hand over a name.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<ul class=\"svc-filter-list\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>the bankability of the project,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>compliance risks,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>the expected level of economic substance,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>FATCA and CRS implications,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>and the overall coherence of the structure and its governance.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/section>\n<p>[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; width=&#8221;90%&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_code _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<section><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"section-head anim\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"chapter-mark\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"chapter-num\">04<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"chapter-label\">The context<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"chapter-rule\"><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<h2 class=\"h2\" style=\"margin-top:24px;\">Credible Swiss governance, real economic substance and <em>strategic support.<\/em><\/h2>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <pee class=\"lead\">Setting up a company in Switzerland is no longer a matter of simply registering a structure with the Commercial Register.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <pee class=\"lead\">Today, we see again and again that banks, tax authorities, social-insurance offices, business partners and regulators look far more deeply at:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- Intro paragraph --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"anim arsv-mb-md\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- Grid 2 cols: Analysis \/ Responsibilities --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"ctx-grid anim\" style=\"display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(320px,1fr));gap:24px;margin-bottom:40px;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"ctx-card\" style=\"position:relative;border:1px solid var(--msc-gray-200);border-radius:var(--msc-radius);padding:32px;background:#fff;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"ctx-card-head arsv-head-row\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span style=\"display:inline-flex;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--msc-gray-50);align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--msc-black)\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><circle cx=\"11\" cy=\"11\" r=\"7\"\/><path d=\"m21 21-4.3-4.3\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"arsv-eyebrow\">What is examined<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:var(--msc-font-display);font-size:20px;margin:4px 0 0;line-height:1.2;\">The control points<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<div class=\"svc-filter-col--accept\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<ul class=\"svc-filter-list\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>the reality of Swiss economic substance,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>effective management,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>economic coherence,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>governance,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>the financial flows,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>VAT risks,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>AHV obligations,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>and the actual level of involvement of the Swiss resident director or Swiss resident manager.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"ctx-card\" style=\"position:relative;border:1px solid var(--msc-gray-200);border-radius:var(--msc-radius);padding:32px;background:var(--msc-gray-50);color:var(--msc-black);\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"ctx-card-head arsv-head-row\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span style=\"display:inline-flex;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:50%;background:rgba(227,33,27,.08);align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--msc-red)\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M12 9v4\"\/><path d=\"M12 17h.01\"\/><path d=\"M10.29 3.86 1.82 18a2 2 0 0 0 1.71 3h16.94a2 2 0 0 0 1.71-3L13.71 3.86a2 2 0 0 0-3.42 0z\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"arsv-eyebrow\">Personal liability<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:var(--msc-font-display);font-size:20px;margin:4px 0 0;line-height:1.2;color:var(--msc-black);\">Engaging situations<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <pee style=\"font-size:14px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--msc-gray-600);margin:0 0 18px;\">A Swiss resident director or Swiss resident manager today incurs personal liability in many situations:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<ul class=\"svc-filter-list\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>VAT,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>taxes,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>AHV,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>compliance,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>anti-money-laundering,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>oversight obligations,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>banking relationships,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>governance,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>effective management.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- Legal basis callout --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<aside class=\"ctx-legal anim\" style=\"margin-bottom:40px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:auto 1fr;gap:24px;align-items:start;border-left:3px solid var(--msc-red);background:var(--msc-gray-50);padding:28px 32px;border-radius:0 var(--msc-radius) var(--msc-radius) 0;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <span style=\"display:inline-flex;width:44px;height:44px;border-radius:50%;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--msc-gray-200);align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <svg width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--msc-black)\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"m12 3-8 4v6c0 5 3.5 9 8 10 4.5-1 8-5 8-10V7l-8-4Z\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span style=\"display:block;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.18em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--msc-red);font-weight:600;margin-bottom:10px;\">Legal basis<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <pee style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15.5px;line-height:1.65;\">Swiss law requires that an SA, an S\u00e0rl, certain associations and certain foundations have at least one person domiciled in Switzerland with signing authority to validly represent the structure (Art. 718 para. 4 Swiss Code of Obligations and Art. 814 para. 3 CO).<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <pee style=\"margin:0;font-size:15.5px;line-height:1.65;color:var(--msc-gray-700);\"><em style=\"font-style:italic;color:var(--msc-red);\">In practice, and in our experience, this role goes far beyond a mere administrative formality \u2014 Art. 718 CO requires actual management presence in Switzerland, not a mere name on a public register.<\/em><\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/aside>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- Our positioning --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"ctx-approach anim\" style=\"display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:48px;align-items:start;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span style=\"display:block;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.18em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--msc-gray-500);margin-bottom:14px;\">Our positioning<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <pee style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:1.7;margin:0 0 16px;\">We support entrepreneurs, international groups, holdings, start-ups, associations, e-commerce structures and foreign companies seeking to build a credible, coherent and defensible presence in Switzerland \u2014 the antithesis of offshore Swiss nominee director arrangements.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <pee style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:1.7;margin:0;font-family:var(--msc-font-display);font-style:italic;color:var(--msc-black);\">Our approach is not to provide a passive \u00ab\u00a0nominee director\u00a0\u00bb.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div style=\"border-top:1px solid var(--msc-gray-200);padding-top:24px;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span style=\"display:block;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.18em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--msc-gray-500);margin-bottom:14px;\">We favour serious structures that require<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<ul class=\"svc-filter-list\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>credible governance,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>a prior risk analysis,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>a real economic rationale,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>coherent Swiss economic substance,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>and an approach aligned with current banking and regulatory expectations.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/section>\n<p>[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; width=&#8221;90%&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_code _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<section><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"section-head anim\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"chapter-mark\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"chapter-num\">05<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"chapter-label\">Personal liability<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"chapter-rule\"><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<h2 class=\"h2\">The personal risks of being a Swiss <em>resident director.<\/em><\/h2>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <pee class=\"lead\">The role of Swiss resident director or Swiss resident manager carries significant responsibilities. In Switzerland, directors and managers can engage their personal liability in a number of situations \u2014 one of the key risks of acting as a nominee director in Switzerland without proper substance.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- Intro --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"anim\" style=\"margin-bottom:32px;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <pee style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:1.7;margin:0;color:var(--msc-gray-700);\">In our experience, this includes in particular:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- 8 risk zones --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"anim\" style=\"display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(240px,1fr));gap:14px;margin-bottom:48px;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-card-risk\"><span class=\"arsv-card-risk-rail\"><\/span><span class=\"arsv-card-risk-num\">01<\/span><span class=\"arsv-card-risk-text\">AHV debts,<\/span><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-card-risk\"><span class=\"arsv-card-risk-rail\"><\/span><span class=\"arsv-card-risk-num\">02<\/span><span class=\"arsv-card-risk-text\">certain tax debts,<\/span><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-card-risk\"><span class=\"arsv-card-risk-rail\"><\/span><span class=\"arsv-card-risk-num\">03<\/span><span class=\"arsv-card-risk-text\">VAT issues,<\/span><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-card-risk\"><span class=\"arsv-card-risk-rail\"><\/span><span class=\"arsv-card-risk-num\">04<\/span><span class=\"arsv-card-risk-text\">breaches of oversight duties,<\/span><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-card-risk\"><span class=\"arsv-card-risk-rail\"><\/span><span class=\"arsv-card-risk-num\">05<\/span><span class=\"arsv-card-risk-text\">accounting failures,<\/span><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;padding:22px 22px 22px 26px;background:var(--msc-gray-50);color:var(--msc-black);border-radius:var(--msc-radius);overflow:hidden;\"><span class=\"arsv-card-risk-rail\"><\/span><span class=\"arsv-card-risk-num\">06<\/span><span class=\"arsv-card-risk-text\">certain insolvency situations <em class=\"arsv-em-red\">(Art. 725 CO)<\/em>,<\/span><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-card-risk\"><span class=\"arsv-card-risk-rail\"><\/span><span class=\"arsv-card-risk-num\">07<\/span><span class=\"arsv-card-risk-text\">compliance issues,<\/span><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-card-risk\"><span class=\"arsv-card-risk-rail\"><\/span><span class=\"arsv-card-risk-num\">08<\/span><span class=\"arsv-card-risk-text\">and certain criminal-law risks.<\/span><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- 2 cols: Duties \/ Acceptance --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"anim\" style=\"display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(320px,1fr));gap:24px;margin-bottom:32px;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid var(--msc-gray-200);border-radius:var(--msc-radius);padding:32px;background:#fff;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-head-row-sm\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <svg width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--msc-black)\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M22 11.08V12a10 10 0 1 1-5.93-9.14\"\/><polyline points=\"22 4 12 14.01 9 11.01\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"arsv-eyebrow\">Duties of the director<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<h3 class=\"arsv-h3-md\">What the authorities expect<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <pee class=\"arsv-p-intro\">In practice, the Swiss authorities consider that the director must:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<div class=\"svc-filter-col--accept\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<ul class=\"svc-filter-list\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>monitor the financial situation,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>ensure that bookkeeping is properly maintained,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>check tax obligations,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>verify social-insurance obligations,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>and intervene when problems arise.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid var(--msc-gray-200);border-radius:var(--msc-radius);padding:32px;background:var(--msc-gray-50);color:var(--msc-black);\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-head-row-sm\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <svg width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--msc-red)\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"m12 3-8 4v6c0 5 3.5 9 8 10 4.5-1 8-5 8-10V7l-8-4Z\"\/><polyline points=\"9 12 11 14 15 10\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"arsv-eyebrow\">Our acceptance filter<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<h3 class=\"arsv-h3-md-black\">The structures we favour<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <pee style=\"font-size:13.5px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--msc-gray-600);margin:0 0 16px;font-style:italic;\">This is precisely why we analyse mandates carefully before accepting them. Our Swiss director services are reserved for structures presenting:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<ul class=\"svc-filter-list\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>an identifiable activity,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>understandable flows,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>serious governance,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>a real economic rationale,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>and a genuine commitment to compliance.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/section>\n<p>[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; width=&#8221;90%&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_code _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<section><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"section-head anim\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"chapter-mark\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"chapter-num\">06<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"chapter-label\">Substance &#038; management<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"chapter-rule\"><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<h2 class=\"h2\">Swiss substance and <em>effective management.<\/em><\/h2>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <pee class=\"lead\">The concept of Swiss economic substance has become central. International tax treaties, banks, tax authorities and business partners now scrutinise the reality of the Swiss presence \u2014 substance over signature, transparency over anonymity.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- Intro --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"anim arsv-mb-md\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <pee style=\"font-size:17px;line-height:1.7;margin:0 0 10px;font-family:var(--msc-font-display);font-style:italic;color:var(--msc-black);\">A Swiss resident director or an address alone is no longer always enough.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <pee style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:1.7;margin:0;color:var(--msc-gray-700);\">In many situations, the authorities specifically analyse:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- List \"where...\" --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<ul class=\"svc-filter-list\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li><em class=\"arsv-mk-italic\">where<\/em> strategic decisions are taken,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li><em class=\"arsv-mk-italic\">where<\/em> effective management is exercised,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li><em class=\"arsv-mk-italic\">where<\/em> contracts are negotiated,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li><em class=\"arsv-mk-italic\">where<\/em> operations are steered,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li><em class=\"arsv-mk-italic\">where<\/em> employees actually work,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li><em class=\"arsv-mk-italic\">where<\/em> management functions are carried out,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>and the overall coherence of the Swiss presence.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- 2 cols: Risks \/ Our support --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"anim\" style=\"display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(320px,1fr));gap:24px;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid var(--msc-gray-200);border-left:3px solid var(--msc-red);border-radius:0 var(--msc-radius) var(--msc-radius) 0;padding:28px 32px;background:#fff;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-head-row-plain\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <svg width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--msc-red)\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M12 9v4\"\/><path d=\"M12 17h.01\"\/><path d=\"M10.29 3.86 1.82 18a2 2 0 0 0 1.71 3h16.94a2 2 0 0 0 1.71-3L13.71 3.86a2 2 0 0 0-3.42 0z\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"arsv-eyebrow-red\">Structural risks<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<h3 class=\"arsv-h3-md\">What poor substance creates<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <pee class=\"arsv-p-intro\">Certain international structures can create:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<div class=\"svc-filter-col--refuse\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<ul class=\"svc-filter-list\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>permanent-establishment risks,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>tax-reassessment risks,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>VAT risks,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>substance issues,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>or banking difficulties.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div style=\"border-radius:var(--msc-radius);padding:28px 32px;background:var(--msc-gray-50);color:var(--msc-black);\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-head-row-plain\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <svg width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--msc-red)\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 21h18\"\/><path d=\"M5 21V7l8-4v18\"\/><path d=\"M19 21V11l-6-4\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"arsv-eyebrow-red\">Our support<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<h3 class=\"arsv-h3-md-black\">Building defensible substance<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <pee class=\"arsv-p-card\">We work alongside our clients to build coherent and defensible structures across:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-pill-row\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span class=\"arsv-pill-tag\">governance<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span class=\"arsv-pill-tag\">management<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span class=\"arsv-pill-tag\">accounting<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span class=\"arsv-pill-tag\">VAT<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span class=\"arsv-pill-tag\">payroll<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span class=\"arsv-pill-tag\">administration<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span class=\"arsv-pill-tag\">operational organisation<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/section>\n<p>[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; width=&#8221;90%&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_code _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<section><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"section-head anim\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"chapter-mark\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"chapter-num\">07<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"chapter-label\">File selection<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"chapter-rule\"><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<h2 class=\"h2\">Why certain mandates are <em>declined.<\/em><\/h2>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <pee class=\"lead\">In practice, we regularly decline certain mandates. Not every structure is compatible with credible Swiss governance \u2014 this is what fundamentally separates our Swiss resident director mandate from offshore Swiss nominee director arrangements.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- 2 cols refusal --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"anim\" style=\"display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(320px,1fr));gap:24px;margin-bottom:40px;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--msc-gray-200);border-radius:var(--msc-radius);padding:32px;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-head-row\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span style=\"display:inline-flex;width:42px;height:42px;border-radius:50%;background:rgba(227,33,27,.08);align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <svg width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--msc-red)\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\"\/><line x1=\"4.93\" y1=\"4.93\" x2=\"19.07\" y2=\"19.07\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"arsv-eyebrow-red\">Operational refusals<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<h3 class=\"arsv-h3-md\">Situations we set aside<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <pee class=\"arsv-p-card\">In particular, we decline certain situations when:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<ul class=\"svc-filter-list\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>the activity is not clearly defined,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>the structure appears artificial,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>there is no real economic need in Switzerland,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>the project carries disproportionate compliance risks,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>the financial flows are insufficiently documented,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>banking expectations seem incompatible,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>or regulatory risks become too high.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div style=\"background:var(--msc-gray-50);color:var(--msc-black);border-radius:var(--msc-radius);padding:32px;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-head-row\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span style=\"display:inline-flex;width:42px;height:42px;border-radius:50%;background:rgba(227,33,27,.08);align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <svg width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--msc-red)\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><line x1=\"18\" y1=\"6\" x2=\"6\" y2=\"18\"\/><line x1=\"6\" y1=\"6\" x2=\"18\" y2=\"18\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"arsv-eyebrow-red\">Refusal in principle<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<h3 class=\"arsv-h3-md-black\">Structures we exclude<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <pee class=\"arsv-p-card\">We also refuse, on principle, structures:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<div class=\"svc-filter-col--refuse\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<ul class=\"svc-filter-list\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>seeking only a \u00ab\u00a0Swiss address\u00a0\u00bb,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>chasing only a theoretical tax advantage,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>without genuine operational or economic logic,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>or incompatible with the current expectations of Swiss banks.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- Conclusion --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<aside class=\"anim\" style=\"display:grid;grid-template-columns:auto 1fr;gap:24px;align-items:center;padding:28px 32px;border-left:3px solid var(--msc-red);background:var(--msc-gray-50);border-radius:0 var(--msc-radius) var(--msc-radius) 0;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <svg width=\"32\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--msc-red)\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"flex-shrink:0;\"><path d=\"M3 21c3 0 7-1 7-8V5c0-1.25-.756-2.017-2-2H4c-1.25 0-2 .75-2 1.972V11c0 1.25.75 2 2 2 1 0 1 0 1 1v1c0 1-1 2-2 2s-1 .008-1 1.031V20c0 1 0 1 1 1z\"\/><path d=\"M15 21c3 0 7-1 7-8V5c0-1.25-.757-2.017-2-2h-4c-1.25 0-2 .75-2 1.972V11c0 1.25.75 2 2 2h.75c0 2.25.25 4-2.75 4v3c0 1 0 1 1 1z\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <pee style=\"margin:0;font-family:var(--msc-font-display);font-size:20px;line-height:1.4;font-style:italic;color:var(--msc-black);\">Our objective is to build credible, stable and defensible Swiss structures <em class=\"arsv-mk-red-soft\">over the long term.<\/em><\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/aside>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/section>\n<p>[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; width=&#8221;90%&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_code _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<section><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"section-head anim\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"chapter-mark\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"chapter-num\">08<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"chapter-label\">Mandate perimeter<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"chapter-rule\"><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<h2 class=\"h2\">Trustee director vs operational <em>director.<\/em><\/h2>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <pee class=\"lead\">Not all Swiss director roles are the same. In practice, there is a clear distinction between the trustee director acting as a Swiss resident director on a trust basis and the operational director involved in the day-to-day running of the company.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- Trustee \/ operational distinction --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"anim\" style=\"margin-bottom:24px;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <pee style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:1.7;color:var(--msc-gray-700);margin:0 0 20px;\">In practice, there is an important difference between:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div style=\"display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(280px,1fr));gap:16px;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:18px;padding:22px 26px;background:var(--msc-gray-50);color:var(--msc-black);border-radius:var(--msc-radius);\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span style=\"font-family:var(--msc-font-display);font-style:italic;color:var(--msc-red);font-size:42px;line-height:1;flex-shrink:0;\">A<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span style=\"display:block;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.18em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--msc-red);font-weight:600;margin-bottom:4px;\">Our role<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">the trustee director acting as Swiss resident director,<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:18px;padding:22px 26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--msc-gray-200);border-radius:var(--msc-radius);\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span style=\"font-family:var(--msc-font-display);font-style:italic;color:var(--msc-gray-400);font-size:42px;line-height:1;flex-shrink:0;\">B<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span style=\"display:block;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.18em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--msc-gray-500);font-weight:600;margin-bottom:4px;\">Outside our perimeter<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">and the operational director involved in the day-to-day running of the company.<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- VERTICAL TIMELINE --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"anim\" style=\"position:relative;padding-left:0;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- Vertical rail --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div style=\"position:absolute;left:18px;top:48px;bottom:80px;width:2px;background:linear-gradient(to bottom, var(--msc-red) 0%, var(--msc-gray-300) 100%);\"><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- Station 1 --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-station\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span style=\"position:absolute;left:0;top:8px;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--msc-red);color:#fff;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;font-family:var(--msc-font-display);font-style:italic;font-size:15px;box-shadow:0 0 0 6px #fff;z-index:1;\">01<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span style=\"display:block;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.18em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--msc-red);font-weight:600;margin-bottom:8px;\">Classic trustee mandate<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<h3 class=\"arsv-h3-station\">What the Swiss resident director role covers<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <pee class=\"arsv-p-station\">Within a classic trustee mandate, the Swiss resident director acts primarily:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<ul class=\"svc-filter-list\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>to provide the legal representation of the company in Switzerland (Art. 718 CO),<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>to coordinate certain administrative and compliance matters,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>to ensure certain governance obligations,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>and to maintain representation compliant with the requirements of the Swiss Commercial Register.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- Station 2 --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-station\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-station-num\">02<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-eyebrow-mute\">Guiding principle<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<h3 class=\"arsv-h3-station\">Strictly on client <em class=\"arsv-mk-red-soft\">instructions<\/em><\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <pee style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:1.7;margin:0 0 10px;font-family:var(--msc-font-display);font-style:italic;color:var(--msc-black);\">Our practice is to act exclusively on client instructions \u2014 unlike offshore nominee setups built around Power of Attorney delegation.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <pee style=\"font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.65;color:var(--msc-gray-700);margin:0 0 10px;\">Even in situations where we are the sole director listed on the Commercial Register with individual signing authority, we do not take on the role of operational director responsible for managing the company\u2019s daily activity.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <pee style=\"font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.65;color:var(--msc-gray-700);margin:0;\">The economic and operational management of the business remains under the control of the shareholders, executives or beneficial owners of the structure.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- Station 3 --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-station\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-station-num\">03<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-eyebrow-mute\">Under client responsibility<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<h3 class=\"arsv-h3-station\">What remains outside our perimeter<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <pee class=\"arsv-p-station\">In practice, this means in particular that:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-bottom:14px;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span class=\"arsv-pill-rect-tag\">commercial decisions<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span class=\"arsv-pill-rect-tag\">operations<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span class=\"arsv-pill-rect-tag\">payments<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span class=\"arsv-pill-rect-tag\">client relationships<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span class=\"arsv-pill-rect-tag\">contracts<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span class=\"arsv-pill-rect-tag\">and banking instructions<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <pee style=\"font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.65;color:var(--msc-gray-700);margin:0 0 10px;\">\u2026remain under the responsibility of the client.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <pee style=\"font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.65;color:var(--msc-gray-700);margin:0;font-style:italic;\">Even where we have banking access in connection with certain administrative or compliance obligations, our mandate provides that operations and payments are carried out on client instructions, including for the settlement of our own invoices.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- Station 4 --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-station\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-station-num\">04<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-eyebrow-mute\">Exception<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<h3 class=\"arsv-h3-station\">Conservatory action in the company\u2019s interest<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <pee class=\"arsv-p-station\">However, certain exceptional situations may require conservatory action in the interest of the company and to limit certain legal or regulatory risks. This may concern, in particular:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div style=\"display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(160px,1fr));gap:12px;margin-bottom:14px;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-card-stat\"><span class=\"arsv-eyebrow-stat\">taxes<\/span><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-card-stat\"><span class=\"arsv-eyebrow-stat\">VAT<\/span><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-card-stat\"><span class=\"arsv-eyebrow-stat\">social contributions<\/span><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-card-stat\"><span class=\"arsv-eyebrow-stat\">major creditors<\/span><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <pee style=\"font-size:13.5px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--msc-gray-700);margin:0 0 14px;\">\u2026when the client becomes temporarily unreachable or stops responding despite multiple follow-ups.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <pee style=\"font-size:13.5px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--msc-gray-700);margin:0 0 10px;\">In this type of situation, the objective is primarily:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<ul class=\"svc-filter-list\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>to protect the company,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>to limit certain liability risks,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>to avoid administrative or judicial proceedings,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>and to preserve, as far as possible, the continuity of the structure.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- Station 5 --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-station\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span style=\"position:absolute;left:0;top:8px;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--msc-red);color:#fff;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;font-family:var(--msc-font-display);font-style:italic;font-size:15px;box-shadow:0 0 0 6px #fff;z-index:1;\">05<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span style=\"display:block;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.18em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--msc-red);font-weight:600;margin-bottom:8px;\">Termination available<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<h3 class=\"arsv-h3-station\">When we request our deregistration<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <pee class=\"arsv-p-station\">Our compliance policy also provides that we may terminate the mandate and request our deregistration from the Commercial Register when the client no longer fulfils its legal obligations despite our reminders and recommendations. This may include, in particular:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0;display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(220px,1fr));gap:10px;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li class=\"arsv-card-bullet\"><span class=\"arsv-mk-em\">\u00d7<\/span><span>persistent absence of bookkeeping,<\/span><\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li class=\"arsv-card-bullet\"><span class=\"arsv-mk-em\">\u00d7<\/span><span>unmet VAT obligations,<\/span><\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li class=\"arsv-card-bullet\"><span class=\"arsv-mk-em\">\u00d7<\/span><span>significant social-insurance debts,<\/span><\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li class=\"arsv-card-bullet\"><span class=\"arsv-mk-em\">\u00d7<\/span><span>compliance breaches,<\/span><\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li class=\"arsv-card-bullet\"><span class=\"arsv-mk-em\">\u00d7<\/span><span>lack of cooperation,<\/span><\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li class=\"arsv-card-bullet\"><span class=\"arsv-mk-em\">\u00d7<\/span><span>or inability to obtain client instructions.<\/span><\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- Station 6 --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;padding-left:60px;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-station-num\">06<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-eyebrow-mute\">Consequences<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<h3 class=\"arsv-h3-station\">If no compliant representation is maintained<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div style=\"display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(280px,1fr));gap:14px;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div style=\"padding:20px 24px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--msc-gray-200);border-radius:var(--msc-radius);\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"arsv-eyebrow-stack\">1<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <pee class=\"arsv-p-stack\">In this context, the company will have to appoint a new Swiss resident representative to maintain valid representation in the Commercial Register.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div style=\"padding:20px 24px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--msc-gray-200);border-radius:var(--msc-radius);\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"arsv-eyebrow-stack\">2<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <pee class=\"arsv-p-stack\">Failing regularisation within the applicable deadlines, the company may face judicial proceedings for organisational default.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div style=\"padding:20px 24px;background:var(--msc-gray-50);color:var(--msc-black);border-radius:var(--msc-radius);\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"arsv-eyebrow-stack\">3<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <pee class=\"arsv-p-stack\">In certain situations, the Court may order the liquidation of the company where no representation compliant with Swiss legal requirements is maintained.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/section>\n<p>[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; width=&#8221;90%&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_code _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<section><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"section-head anim\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"chapter-mark\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"chapter-num\">09<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"chapter-label\">VAT \u00b7 AHV \u00b7 Withholding tax<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"chapter-rule\"><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<h2 class=\"h2\">VAT, AHV and tax and social-insurance <em>liabilities.<\/em><\/h2>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <pee class=\"lead\">Swiss directors and managers must be particularly attentive to VAT, withholding tax, AHV, cantonal and federal income taxes, source tax, payroll, and administrative and accounting obligations.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- Big intro --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"anim arsv-mb-md\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <pee style=\"font-size:17px;line-height:1.7;margin:0 0 20px;color:var(--msc-gray-700);\">Many international structures severely underestimate Swiss obligations regarding:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-pill-row\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-pill-rect\">VAT<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-pill-rect\">imports<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-pill-rect\">worker postings<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-pill-rect\">payroll<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-pill-rect\">social insurance<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-pill-rect\">tax returns<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-pill-rect\">bookkeeping<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-pill-rect\">governance<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-pill-rect\">and administrative compliance<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- Joint and several liability --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"anim\" style=\"background:var(--msc-gray-50);color:var(--msc-black);border-radius:var(--msc-radius);padding:40px 44px;margin-bottom:48px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(320px,1fr));gap:36px;align-items:start;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-eyebrow-red-mb\">Joint and several liability<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:var(--msc-font-display);font-size:28px;margin:0 0 16px;line-height:1.2;color:var(--msc-black);\">Personal liability <em class=\"arsv-mk-red-soft\">on private assets<\/em><\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <pee style=\"margin:0 0 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.65;color:var(--msc-gray-700);\">In Swiss practice, the authorities have a very broad legal basis and abundant case law allowing them to engage the joint and several liability of Swiss resident directors, managers and representatives.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <pee style=\"margin:0;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.65;color:var(--msc-gray-700);\">In concrete terms, this means the Swiss resident director or representative may, in certain situations, be required to answer personally for:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div style=\"display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:10px;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span class=\"arsv-card-center-bd\">tax debts<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span class=\"arsv-card-center-bd\">social-insurance debts<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span class=\"arsv-card-center-bd\">VAT<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span class=\"arsv-card-center-bd\">AHV<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span style=\"grid-column:span 2;padding:12px 16px;background:rgba(227,33,27,.08);border:1px solid var(--msc-red);border-radius:8px;font-size:13.5px;text-align:center;\">or relating to Swiss withholding tax<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <pee style=\"margin:14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--msc-gray-600);font-style:italic;\">\u2026of the company. In many cases, we have seen this liability sought directly by the tax authorities and the AHV (Swiss social contributions) on the private assets of the Swiss resident director or manager.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- Pull quote --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"anim\" style=\"text-align:center;margin-bottom:48px;padding:0 20px;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <svg width=\"40\" height=\"40\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"var(--msc-red)\" style=\"opacity:.35;margin-bottom:12px;\"><path d=\"M9.983 3v7.391c0 5.704-3.731 9.57-8.983 10.609l-.995-2.151c2.432-.917 3.995-3.638 3.995-5.849h-4v-10h9.983zm14.017 0v7.391c0 5.704-3.748 9.571-9 10.609l-.996-2.151c2.433-.917 3.996-3.638 3.996-5.849h-3.983v-10h9.983z\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <pee style=\"font-family:var(--msc-font-display);font-size:32px;line-height:1.3;margin:0;font-style:italic;color:var(--msc-black);\">This subject is <em class=\"arsv-mk-red-soft\">extremely serious.<\/em><\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- Duties + Diligence --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"anim\" style=\"display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(320px,1fr));gap:24px;margin-bottom:48px;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div style=\"padding:28px 32px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--msc-gray-200);border-radius:var(--msc-radius);\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-eyebrow-red-mb\">Position of the authorities<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <pee style=\"font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.65;margin:0 0 16px;color:var(--msc-gray-700);\">In practice, the authorities often consider that the company\u2019s board members had:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0;display:grid;gap:14px;counter-reset:item;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li class=\"arsv-bullet-roman\"><span class=\"arsv-num-circle\">i<\/span><span>an oversight duty,<\/span><\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li class=\"arsv-bullet-roman\"><span class=\"arsv-num-circle\">ii<\/span><span>a duty to react,<\/span><\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li class=\"arsv-bullet-roman\"><span class=\"arsv-num-circle\">iii<\/span><span>and a duty to intervene whenever a problematic situation arose.<\/span><\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div style=\"padding:28px 32px;background:var(--msc-gray-50);border-radius:var(--msc-radius);\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-eyebrow-red-mb\">Level of diligence<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <pee style=\"font-family:var(--msc-font-display);font-style:italic;font-size:22px;line-height:1.35;color:var(--msc-black);margin:0 0 16px;\">The level of diligence expected from Swiss director services is <em class=\"arsv-mk-red-soft\">particularly high.<\/em><\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <pee style=\"font-size:14px;line-height:1.65;color:var(--msc-gray-700);margin:0 0 12px;\">In practice, however, it is often very difficult for a Swiss resident director to demonstrate that they took every necessary step to avoid tax or social-insurance damage.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <pee style=\"font-size:14px;line-height:1.65;color:var(--msc-gray-700);margin:0;\">This is precisely why very few Corporate Services Providers, lawyers or professionals are willing today to offer Swiss resident director services.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- International risks --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"anim arsv-mb-lg\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-head-letter\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span style=\"font-family:var(--msc-font-display);font-style:italic;color:var(--msc-red);font-size:28px;line-height:1;\">\u26a0<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<h3 class=\"arsv-h3-block\">High-risk scenarios in international structures<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <pee class=\"arsv-p-lead\">This type of mandate carries significant risks, particularly in international structures where:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div style=\"display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(220px,1fr));gap:12px;margin-bottom:24px;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-card\">the shareholders are resident abroad,<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-card\">the financial flows are international,<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-card\">operational activity is far removed from Switzerland,<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-card\">or the director depends on information provided by the client.<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <pee class=\"arsv-p-station\">In certain situations, a client may, for example:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div style=\"display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(200px,1fr));gap:12px;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-card-gray-row\"><span class=\"arsv-mk-em\">\u2192<\/span><span>empty the company\u2019s bank accounts,<\/span><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-card-gray-row\"><span class=\"arsv-mk-em\">\u2192<\/span><span>transfer the cash abroad,<\/span><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-card-gray-row\"><span class=\"arsv-mk-em\">\u2192<\/span><span>cut off all communication,<\/span><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-card-gray-row\"><span class=\"arsv-mk-em\">\u2192<\/span><span>or abandon the structure.<\/span><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- GROSS-UP DIAGRAM --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"anim\" style=\"background:linear-gradient(135deg, var(--msc-gray-50) 0%, #fff 100%);border:1px solid var(--msc-gray-200);border-radius:var(--msc-radius);padding:40px 44px;margin-bottom:48px;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align:center;margin-bottom:32px;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span style=\"display:inline-block;padding:6px 16px;background:var(--msc-red);color:#fff;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.2em;text-transform:uppercase;border-radius:999px;margin-bottom:14px;\">Worked example<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:var(--msc-font-display);font-size:28px;margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.2;\">The <em class=\"arsv-mk-red-soft\">gross-up<\/em> mechanism on Swiss withholding tax<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <pee style=\"margin:0 auto;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--msc-gray-700);\">In Swiss tax practice, certain unjustified cash outflows may be recharacterised as constructive (hidden) dividend distributions. In this context, the Swiss Federal Tax Administration may then claim Swiss withholding tax.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- 4 BIG NUMBERS --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div style=\"display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(180px,1fr));gap:20px;margin-bottom:32px;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align:center;padding:24px 16px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--msc-gray-200);border-radius:var(--msc-radius);\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span style=\"display:block;font-family:var(--msc-font-display);color:var(--msc-red);font-size:48px;line-height:1;margin-bottom:8px;font-style:italic;\">35<span style=\"font-size:24px;\">%<\/span><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span class=\"arsv-eyebrow\">Nominal rate<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span style=\"display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--msc-gray-700);margin-top:6px;\">of Swiss withholding tax<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align:center;padding:24px 16px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--msc-gray-200);border-radius:var(--msc-radius);\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span style=\"display:block;font-family:var(--msc-font-display);color:var(--msc-black);font-size:48px;line-height:1;margin-bottom:8px;font-style:italic;\">65<span style=\"font-size:24px;\">%<\/span><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span class=\"arsv-eyebrow\">Net amount<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span style=\"display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--msc-gray-700);margin-top:6px;\">deemed after tax<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align:center;padding:24px 16px;background:var(--msc-gray-50);color:var(--msc-black);border-radius:var(--msc-radius);\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span style=\"display:block;font-family:var(--msc-font-display);color:var(--msc-black);font-size:34px;line-height:1;margin-bottom:8px;font-style:italic;\">CHF 100k<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span class=\"arsv-eyebrow\">Cash outflow<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span style=\"display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--msc-gray-600);margin-top:6px;\">unjustified<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align:center;padding:24px 16px;background:var(--msc-red);color:#fff;border-radius:var(--msc-radius);\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span style=\"display:block;font-family:var(--msc-font-display);color:var(--msc-black);font-size:34px;line-height:1;margin-bottom:8px;font-style:italic;\">CHF 53&#8217;846<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span style=\"display:block;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.18em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--msc-gray-600);\">Tax claimed<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span style=\"display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--msc-gray-800);margin-top:6px;\">after gross-up<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- Mechanism explanation --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div style=\"padding-top:24px;border-top:1px solid var(--msc-gray-200);\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <pee style=\"font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.65;margin:0 0 14px;color:var(--msc-gray-700);\">However, when the distributed amounts have already left the company and can no longer be recovered, the tax authority will often apply a \u00ab\u00a0gross-up\u00a0\u00bb calculation.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <pee style=\"font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.65;margin:0 0 14px;color:var(--msc-gray-700);\">In concrete terms, this means that the amounts taken are deemed to represent the net amount corresponding to 65% after tax. <strong>The actual tax burden therefore becomes far greater.<\/strong><\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <pee style=\"font-size:13.5px;line-height:1.65;margin:0 0 12px;color:var(--msc-gray-600);\">For example:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0;counter-reset:step;display:grid;gap:10px;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li class=\"arsv-card-rule-row\"><span class=\"arsv-num-md\">a.<\/span><span>if CHF 100&#8217;000 disappears from the company\u2019s accounts,<\/span><\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li class=\"arsv-card-rule-row\"><span class=\"arsv-num-md\">b.<\/span><span>the authority may consider that this CHF 100&#8217;000 represents 65% of the gross dividend,<\/span><\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li class=\"arsv-card-rule-row\"><span class=\"arsv-num-md\">c.<\/span><span>resulting in a taxable base of approximately <strong>CHF 153&#8217;846<\/strong>,<\/span><\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li class=\"arsv-card-rule-row\"><span class=\"arsv-num-md\">d.<\/span><span>and therefore Swiss withholding tax claimed of approximately <strong>CHF 53&#8217;846<\/strong>.<\/span><\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/ol>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <pee style=\"margin:20px 0 0;padding:14px 18px;background:var(--msc-gray-50);color:var(--msc-black);border-radius:8px;font-size:13.5px;line-height:1.55;\">In certain situations, the authorities may then seek to engage the liability of the Swiss resident directors or representatives in order to recover these amounts.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- Similar issues --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"anim arsv-mb-lg\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <pee style=\"font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.65;color:var(--msc-gray-700);margin:0 0 16px;\">Similar issues may also arise concerning:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-pill-row\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-pill-gray\">VAT<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-pill-gray\">AHV contributions<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-pill-gray\">payroll<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-pill-gray\">or other unmet tax and social-insurance obligations<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- Our approach \/ termination \/ support - 3 cols --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"anim\" style=\"display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(280px,1fr));gap:20px;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div style=\"padding:28px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--msc-gray-200);border-radius:var(--msc-radius);\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span style=\"display:inline-flex;width:36px;height:36px;border-radius:8px;background:var(--msc-gray-50);align-items:center;justify-content:center;margin-bottom:14px;\"><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--msc-red)\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M9 11l3 3L22 4\"\/><path d=\"M21 12v7a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h11\"\/><\/svg><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:var(--msc-font-display);font-size:18px;margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.2;\">We favour<\/h4>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<ul class=\"svc-filter-list\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>a thorough prior analysis,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>coherent structures,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>credible governance,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>regular administrative oversight,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>and an active, transparent collaboration with clients.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div style=\"padding:28px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--msc-gray-200);border-radius:var(--msc-radius);\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span style=\"display:inline-flex;width:36px;height:36px;border-radius:8px;background:rgba(227,33,27,.08);align-items:center;justify-content:center;margin-bottom:14px;\"><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--msc-red)\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\"\/><line x1=\"4.93\" y1=\"4.93\" x2=\"19.07\" y2=\"19.07\"\/><\/svg><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:var(--msc-font-display);font-size:18px;margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.2;\">Termination conditions<\/h4>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <pee style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--msc-gray-600);margin:0 0 12px;\">We may terminate a mandate and request our deregistration when:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<div class=\"svc-filter-col--refuse\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<ul class=\"svc-filter-list\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>legal obligations are no longer fulfilled,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>the risks become disproportionate,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>the client stops cooperating,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>or tax, social-insurance or compliance issues remain unresolved despite our reminders and recommendations.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div style=\"padding:28px;background:var(--msc-gray-50);color:var(--msc-black);border-radius:var(--msc-radius);\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span style=\"display:inline-flex;width:36px;height:36px;border-radius:8px;background:#fff;align-items:center;justify-content:center;margin-bottom:14px;\"><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--msc-red)\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M20 7h-9\"\/><path d=\"M14 17H5\"\/><circle cx=\"17\" cy=\"17\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"7\" cy=\"7\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:var(--msc-font-display);font-size:18px;margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.2;color:var(--msc-black);\">Our support<\/h4>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <pee style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--msc-gray-600);margin:0 0 12px;\">We support our clients in particular on:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:6px;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span class=\"arsv-pill-rect-xs\">accounting<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span class=\"arsv-pill-rect-xs\">payroll<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span class=\"arsv-pill-rect-xs\">VAT obligations<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span class=\"arsv-pill-rect-xs\">tax returns<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span class=\"arsv-pill-rect-xs\">social insurance<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span class=\"arsv-pill-rect-xs\">administrative compliance<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span style=\"padding:6px 10px;background:rgba(227,33,27,.08);border:1px solid var(--msc-red);border-radius:6px;font-size:12px;\">overall monitoring of Swiss legal obligations<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/section>\n<p>[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; width=&#8221;90%&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_code _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]  <\/p>\n<div class=\"section-head anim\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"chapter-mark\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"chapter-num\">10<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"chapter-label\">Typical client structures<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"chapter-rule\"><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<h2 class=\"h2\">Operational, holding and association <em>mandates.<\/em><\/h2>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <pee class=\"lead\">We mainly support structures carrying out a genuine economic activity and requiring a credible Swiss presence \u2014 from cross-border entrepreneurs and SMEs through to international groups and listed companies. Our Swiss director services for foreign companies are designed to deliver real economic substance, not a Swiss nominee director on paper.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"apres-stack anim\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<article class=\"apres-step\" id=\"oblig-operationnelles\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"apres-step-num\">01<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"apres-step-content\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<h3 class=\"apres-step-title\">Swiss operational and entrepreneurial companies<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <button class=\"apres-step-toggle\" type=\"button\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"View details\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"apres-step-toggle-text\">View details<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\"><path d=\"M4 6l4 4 4-4\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"1.8\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/button><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"apres-step-body\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<div class=\"apres-step-body-inner\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <pee>We mainly support structures carrying out a genuine economic activity and requiring a credible Swiss presence.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <pee>In practice, this covers a wide range of profiles, from:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<ul class=\"apres-list\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>the cross-border entrepreneur active in Switzerland,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>the Swiss SME,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>through to international groups and listed companies seeking to establish or strengthen their Swiss presence.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <pee>We regularly support entrepreneurs working alone or with partners through Swiss S\u00e0rls in fields such as:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<ul class=\"apres-list\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>insurance broking,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>finishing trades and building professions,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>consulting,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>engineering,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>business services,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>personal services,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>IT,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>maintenance,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>logistics,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>goods importation,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>trade,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>services delivered on Swiss building sites,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>technical or craft activities.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <pee>In these structures, the issues typically concern:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<ul class=\"apres-list\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>permits and cross-border questions,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>Swiss VAT,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>social insurance,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>payroll,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>AHV obligations,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>worker-posting matters,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>banking relationships,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>and Swiss economic substance.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <pee>We also support Swiss SAs with multiple partners, investors or international groups, particularly in sectors such as:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<ul class=\"apres-list\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>industry,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>logistics,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>e-commerce,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>mail order,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>technology services,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>SaaS,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>artificial intelligence,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>mergers and acquisitions,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>real-estate development,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>international trade,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>import-export,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>complex services structures.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <pee>In these files, the stakes often become much higher in terms of:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<ul class=\"apres-list\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>governance,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>effective management,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>Swiss economic substance,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>international taxation,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>financing,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>banking compliance,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>VAT,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>and the structuring of international flows.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <pee>We also act for international or multinational companies already established abroad, sometimes listed, seeking to:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<ul class=\"apres-list\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>open a Swiss subsidiary,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>establish an operational presence in Switzerland,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>structure a regional headquarters,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>develop European activities,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>or strengthen their credibility with Swiss partners and institutions.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <pee>In this context, banks, investors and authorities typically scrutinise:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<ul class=\"apres-list\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>the overall coherence of the structure,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>the functions actually carried out in Switzerland,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>the level of substance,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>the financial flows,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>governance,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>and the operational credibility of the Swiss presence.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<div class=\"apres-warning\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <span class=\"apres-warning-tag\">Key takeaway<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <pee>A mere administrative registered address with a nominee director is often no longer enough in this type of structure.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/article>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<article class=\"apres-step\" id=\"oblig-holdings\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"apres-step-num\">02<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"apres-step-content\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<h3 class=\"apres-step-title\">Holdings, asset-holding companies and passive structures<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <button class=\"apres-step-toggle\" type=\"button\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"View details\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"apres-step-toggle-text\">View details<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\"><path d=\"M4 6l4 4 4-4\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"1.8\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/button><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"apres-step-body\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<div class=\"apres-step-body-inner\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <pee>We also support certain so-called passive or asset-holding structures, including:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<ul class=\"apres-list\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>Swiss holdings,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>participation companies,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>asset-holding companies,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>real-estate structures,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>investment vehicles,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>international holding structures.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <pee>In this type of situation, the banking and tax stakes are often particularly sensitive.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <pee>Banks scrutinise in particular:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<ul class=\"apres-list\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>the source of funds,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>international flows,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>the reality of Swiss substance,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>tax treaties,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>beneficial owners,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>FATCA and CRS matters,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>and the economic rationale of the structure.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <pee>Passive or domicile companies typically trigger much heavier compliance obligations for banks.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <pee>In many situations and in our experience, opening accounts becomes significantly more complex when:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<ul class=\"apres-list\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>the shareholders are resident abroad,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>the flows are heavily internationalised,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>the structure has no genuine economic substance,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>or the company is mainly used to hold assets or equity interests.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <pee>We support our clients in structuring credible governance compatible with the current expectations of banks and tax authorities.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/article>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<article class=\"apres-step\" id=\"oblig-associations\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"apres-step-num\">03<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"apres-step-content\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<h3 class=\"apres-step-title\">Swiss associations and foundations<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <button class=\"apres-step-toggle\" type=\"button\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"View details\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"apres-step-toggle-text\">View details<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\"><path d=\"M4 6l4 4 4-4\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"1.8\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/button><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"apres-step-body\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<div class=\"apres-step-body-inner\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <pee>We also support certain Swiss associations and Vereine and Swiss foundations requiring:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<ul class=\"apres-list\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>a Swiss resident board member,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>local representation,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>structured governance,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>and administrative and accounting support.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <pee>In practice, the issues typically concern:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<ul class=\"apres-list\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>banking relationships,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>international donations,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>compliance matters,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>accounting obligations,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>VAT,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>supervisory authorities,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>and certain specific regulatory obligations.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <pee>Some international structures also seek a Swiss establishment to benefit from:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<ul class=\"apres-list\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>a stable environment,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>credible governance,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>a strong institutional image,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>and an internationally recognised legal framework \u2014 see also our <a href=\"https:\/\/my-swiss-company.com\/en\/our-services\/swiss-association-formation\/\">Swiss Verein formation<\/a> service.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <pee>We support these structures in:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<ul class=\"apres-list\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>their organisation,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>their administration,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>their bookkeeping,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>their governance,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>and their Swiss tax and regulatory obligations.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/article>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p>[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; disabled_on=&#8221;on|on|on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; disabled=&#8221;on&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; width=&#8221;90%&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_code disabled_on=&#8221;off|off|off&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_css_free_form=&#8221;.cas-stack {||  margin-top: 48px;||  display: flex;||  flex-direction: column;||  gap: 14px;||}||||\/* \u2500\u2500 Card \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/||.cas-card {||  border: 1px solid var(&#8211;msc-gray-200);||  border-radius: 3px;||  background: var(&#8211;msc-white);||  overflow: hidden;||  transition: border-color .25s var(&#8211;msc-ease-out), box-shadow .25s var(&#8211;msc-ease-out);||}||.cas-card:hover { border-color: var(&#8211;msc-gray-300); }||.cas-card.is-open {||  border-color: var(&#8211;msc-black);||  box-shadow: 0 18px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, .06);||}||||\/* \u2500\u2500 Trigger (ic\u00f4ne + titre + toggle) \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/||.cas-card-trigger {||  width: 100%;||  display: grid;||  grid-template-columns: auto 1fr auto;||  gap: 28px;||  align-items: center;||  padding: 26px 32px;||  background: var(&#8211;msc-white);||  border: 0;||  cursor: pointer;||  text-align: left;||  font-family: var(&#8211;msc-font);||  color: inherit;||}||||\/* \u2500\u2500 Ic\u00f4ne \u00e0 gauche \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/||.cas-card-icon {||  width: 48px;||  height: 48px;||  display: grid;||  place-items: center;||  background: var(&#8211;msc-black);||  color: var(&#8211;msc-white);||  border-radius: 3px;||  flex-shrink: 0;||  transition: background .25s var(&#8211;msc-ease-out);||}||.cas-card-icon svg {||  width: 24px;||  height: 24px;||  display: block;||}||.cas-card:hover .cas-card-icon,||.cas-card.is-open .cas-card-icon {||  background: var(&#8211;msc-red);||}||||\/* \u2500\u2500 Bloc texte (tag + titre) \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/||.cas-card-heading {||  display: flex;||  flex-direction: column;||  gap: 6px;||  min-width: 0;||}||.cas-card-tag {||  font-family: var(&#8211;msc-font);||  font-size: 10.5px;||  font-weight: 700;||  text-transform: uppercase;||  letter-spacing: .14em;||  color: var(&#8211;msc-red);||}||.cas-card-title {||  font-family: var(&#8211;msc-font-display);||  font-size: clamp(17px, 1.7vw, 22px);||  font-weight: 400;||  line-height: 1.25;||  letter-spacing: -.01em;||  color: var(&#8211;msc-gray-900);||}||||\/* \u2500\u2500 Toggle rond avec croix \u2192 moins \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/||.cas-card-toggle {||  width: 40px;||  height: 40px;||  border-radius: 50%;||  border: 1px solid var(&#8211;msc-gray-200);||  display: grid;||  place-items: center;||  position: relative;||  flex-shrink: 0;||  transition: background .25s var(&#8211;msc-ease-out), border-color .25s var(&#8211;msc-ease-out);||}||.cas-card-toggle::before,||.cas-card-toggle::after {||  content: &#8221;;||  position: absolute;||  background: var(&#8211;msc-black);||  transition: transform .3s var(&#8211;msc-ease-out), background .25s var(&#8211;msc-ease-out);||}||.cas-card-toggle::before { width: 14px; height: 1.5px; }||.cas-card-toggle::after  { width: 1.5px; height: 14px; }||.cas-card.is-open .cas-card-toggle {||  background: var(&#8211;msc-red);||  border-color: var(&#8211;msc-red);||}||.cas-card.is-open .cas-card-toggle::before,||.cas-card.is-open .cas-card-toggle::after {||  background: var(&#8211;msc-white);||}||.cas-card.is-open .cas-card-toggle::after { transform: scaleY(0); }||||\/* \u2500\u2500 Body collapsible (animation grid-template-rows) \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/||.cas-card-body {||  display: grid;||  grid-template-rows: 0fr;||  transition: grid-template-rows .45s cubic-bezier(.6, .1, .2, 1);||}||.cas-card.is-open .cas-card-body { grid-template-rows: 1fr; }||||.cas-card-body-inner {||  overflow: hidden;||  min-height: 0;||}||||\/* \u2500\u2500 Contenu du body \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/||.cas-card-content {||  padding: 28px 32px 36px;||  border-top: 1px solid var(&#8211;msc-gray-100);||}||.cas-card-content > p {||  font-family: var(&#8211;msc-font);||  font-size: 15px;||  line-height: 1.7;||  color: var(&#8211;msc-gray-700);||  margin: 0 0 16px;||}||.cas-card-content > p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }||.cas-card-content > p strong { color: var(&#8211;msc-gray-900); font-weight: 600; }||||\/* Paragraphe pr\u00e9c\u00e9dant une liste : margin-bottom r\u00e9duit *\/||.cas-card-content > p:has(+ ul) { margin-bottom: 10px; }||||\/* \u2500\u2500 Listes \u00e0 puces tiret rouge \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/||.cas-card-content ul {||  list-style: none;||  padding: 0;||  margin: 0 0 18px;||  display: grid;||  gap: 8px;||}||.cas-card-content ul li {||  position: relative;||  padding-left: 22px;||  font-family: var(&#8211;msc-font);||  font-size: 14.5px;||  line-height: 1.6;||  color: var(&#8211;msc-gray-700);||}||.cas-card-content ul li::before {||  content: &#8221;;||  position: absolute;||  left: 0;||  top: 11px;||  width: 12px;||  height: 1.5px;||  background: var(&#8211;msc-red);||}||.cas-card-content ul li::marker { content: &#8221;; }||.cas-card-content ul li strong { color: var(&#8211;msc-gray-900); font-weight: 600; }||||\/* \u2500\u2500 Responsive \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/||@media (max-width: 768px) {||  .cas-card-trigger { padding: 20px 22px; gap: 18px; }||  .cas-card-icon { width: 40px; height: 40px; }||  .cas-card-icon svg { width: 20px; height: 20px; }||  .cas-card-toggle { width: 34px; height: 34px; }||  .cas-card-content { padding: 22px 22px 28px; }||}||@media (max-width: 480px) {||  .cas-card-trigger { padding: 18px; gap: 14px; }||  .cas-card-tag { font-size: 9.5px; }||  .cas-card-title { font-size: 15.5px; }||}&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<div class=\"section-head anim\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"chapter-mark\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"chapter-num\">11<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"chapter-label\">Case studies<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"chapter-rule\"><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<h2 class=\"h2\">A few situations met in <em>practice.<\/em><\/h2>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <pee class=\"lead\">Four real cases illustrating governance, administrative-continuity and personal-liability risks.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"cas-stack anim\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<article class=\"cas-card\" id=\"cas-holding-refusee\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <button class=\"cas-card-trigger\" type=\"button\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"cas-card-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.6\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"9\"\/><path d=\"M5 5l14 14\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"cas-card-heading\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"cas-card-tag\">Banking \u00b7 Holding \u00b7 Refusal<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"cas-card-title\">Bank refusal of a Swiss holding with no identifiable economic rationale<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span class=\"cas-card-toggle\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/button><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"cas-card-body\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"cas-card-body-inner\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<div class=\"cas-card-content\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <pee>We have seen several situations where a Swiss holding was refused by banks despite:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<ul><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>a Swiss-resident shareholder,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>a Swiss passport,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>a properly incorporated company,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>and a Swiss resident director.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <pee>In this type of file, certain banks now consider that a simple holding without identifiable economic activity, without real substance or without clear operational justification presents excessive compliance or substance risk.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <pee>In current banking practice, a Swiss company is no longer always sufficient to justify a stable banking relationship.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/article>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<article class=\"cas-card\" id=\"cas-client-injoignable\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <button class=\"cas-card-trigger\" type=\"button\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"cas-card-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.6\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"9\"\/><path d=\"M12 7v6M12 16v.5\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"cas-card-heading\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"cas-card-tag\">Governance \u00b7 Continuity<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"cas-card-title\">Client became completely unreachable for more than 18 months<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span class=\"cas-card-toggle\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/button><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"cas-card-body\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"cas-card-body-inner\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<div class=\"cas-card-content\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <pee>In another situation, an internationally active client became completely unreachable for more than 18 months. Despite numerous e-mails, calls and letters, no instructions or documents were forthcoming, while certain administrative and tax obligations continued to apply.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <pee>In this context, we had to terminate the mandates and request our deregistration from the Commercial Register to limit liability risks.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <pee>The client eventually re-contacted us much later to explain that they had faced a serious illness that had prevented them from managing their affairs for a long period.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <pee>This kind of situation illustrates how central governance and administrative-continuity issues really are.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/article>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<article class=\"cas-card\" id=\"cas-controle-tva\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <button class=\"cas-card-trigger\" type=\"button\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"cas-card-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.6\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M4 4h16v16H4z\"\/><path d=\"M8 9h8M8 13h8M8 17h5\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"cas-card-heading\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"cas-card-tag\">VAT \u00b7 Audit \u00b7 Reporting<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"cas-card-title\">VAT audits and reports to other authorities<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span class=\"cas-card-toggle\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/button><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"cas-card-body\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"cas-card-body-inner\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<div class=\"cas-card-content\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <pee>VAT audits are relatively frequent in Switzerland, often on average every five years, and sometimes more when irregularities have already been identified during a first audit.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <pee>In several situations, we have seen VAT audits lead to:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<ul><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>significant tax reassessments,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>denied deductions,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>VAT corrections,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>or challenges to certain insufficiently documented invoices.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <pee>In Swiss practice, authorities also regularly exchange information.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <pee>A problematic VAT audit can therefore lead to reports or information exchanges with other tax or social-insurance authorities, particularly concerning:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<ul><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>taxes,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>payroll,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>social insurance,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<li>or certain substance and governance issues.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/article>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<article class=\"cas-card\" id=\"cas-liquidation\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <button class=\"cas-card-trigger\" type=\"button\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"cas-card-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.6\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 21h18M5 21V8l7-5 7 5v13\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"cas-card-heading\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"cas-card-tag\">Court \u00b7 Organisational default<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"cas-card-title\">Judicial liquidation for organisational default<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span class=\"cas-card-toggle\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/button><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"cas-card-body\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"cas-card-body-inner\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<div class=\"cas-card-content\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <pee>We have also seen several companies placed into liquidation by a Swiss court for organisational default.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <pee>In a typical situation, the Swiss legal address and the resident representative had been struck off the Commercial Register. Despite several letters from the Commercial Register requesting regularisation, the foreign shareholders and executives no longer responded and did not appoint any new Swiss representative.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <pee>In this type of situation, the court may order the liquidation of the company. In practice, the last representative listed on the Commercial Register may then be summoned by the bankruptcy office to answer certain questions about the company and its administrative situation.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/article>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<article class=\"cas-card\" id=\"cas-sommation-avs\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <button class=\"cas-card-trigger\" type=\"button\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"cas-card-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.6\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M12 2L2 22h20L12 2z\"\/><path d=\"M12 10v5M12 18v.5\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"cas-card-heading\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"cas-card-tag\">AHV \u00b7 Personal liability<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"cas-card-title\">AHV demand notice received at the Swiss representative\u2019s private address<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span class=\"cas-card-toggle\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/button><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"cas-card-body\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"cas-card-body-inner\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<div class=\"cas-card-content\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <pee>In another situation, a company active on Swiss construction sites had accumulated significant delays in AHV social-insurance contributions. The foreign shareholders thought the authorities would only pursue the company.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <pee>In practice, the Swiss resident representative received a demand notice directly at their private address requiring payment of the amounts due, with a warning that civil and criminal proceedings could be initiated in the event of non-regularisation.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <pee>This type of situation concretely illustrates the level of liability that may rest on Swiss resident directors and representatives in some operational structures.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/article>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p>[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; width=&#8221;90%&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_code _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<section><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"section-head anim\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"chapter-mark\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"chapter-num\">12<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"chapter-label\">Risk \u00b7 approach matrix<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"chapter-rule\"><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<h2 class=\"h2\">Situations frequently met in Swiss and <em>international companies.<\/em><\/h2>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <pee class=\"lead\">A summary of the structure profiles we see regularly, the associated risks and the approach we recommend in our Swiss resident director services for foreign companies.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"compare anim\" id=\"compare-situations\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"apres-table-wrap\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<table class=\"apres-table compare-table\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<thead><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<tr>\n<th>Situation<\/th>\n<th>Frequent risks<\/th>\n<th>Recommended approach<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/thead>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<tbody><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<tr><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<td><strong>International holding without real Swiss substance<\/strong><\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<td data-label=\"Frequent risks\">Bank refusal, FATCA\/CRS issues, tax recharacterisation, absence of effective management<\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<td data-label=\"Recommended approach\">Credible Swiss governance, substance analysis, coherent economic presence, banking and tax structuring<\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/tr>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<tr><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<td><strong>Domicile company \/ passive structure<\/strong><\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<td data-label=\"Frequent risks\">Passive bank classification, enhanced compliance obligations, difficulties opening an account<\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<td data-label=\"Recommended approach\">Thorough documentation, beneficial-owner analysis, coherent asset-holding structuring<\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/tr>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<tr><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<td><strong>E-commerce company with Swiss customers<\/strong><\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<td data-label=\"Frequent risks\">VAT, importation, customs and worker-posting risks, logistics blocks<\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<td data-label=\"Recommended approach\">Swiss VAT structuring, fiscal representation, accounting follow-up and import\/export compliance<\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/tr>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<tr><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<td><strong>Foreign company carrying out works on Swiss sites<\/strong><\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<td data-label=\"Frequent risks\">VAT risks, permanent establishment, social-insurance and collective-agreement obligations<\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<td data-label=\"Recommended approach\">Prior tax analysis, AHV and payroll management, site and worker-posting compliance<\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/tr>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<tr><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<td><strong>Cross-border entrepreneur with a Swiss S\u00e0rl<\/strong><\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<td data-label=\"Frequent risks\">AHV risks, insufficient substance, confusion between Swiss and foreign activity<\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<td data-label=\"Recommended approach\">Coherent operational structuring, payroll management, real Swiss administration<\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/tr>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<tr><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<td><strong>International commodity trading<\/strong><\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<td data-label=\"Frequent risks\">High banking compliance, account-opening refusals, AMLA risks<\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<td data-label=\"Recommended approach\">Thorough prior analysis, prior banking validation, reinforced governance<\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/tr>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<tr><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<td><strong>Foreign tech start-up<\/strong><\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<td data-label=\"Frequent risks\">Banking difficulties, substance issues, insufficient credibility<\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<td data-label=\"Recommended approach\">Credible governance, structured management, coherent Swiss presence<\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/tr>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<tr><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<td><strong>SaaS or international services company<\/strong><\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<td data-label=\"Frequent risks\">Complex international flows, VAT and effective-management issues<\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<td data-label=\"Recommended approach\">Flow analysis, international structuring, tax and accounting coordination<\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/tr>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<tr><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<td><strong>Industrial or logistics company<\/strong><\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<td data-label=\"Frequent risks\">Significant operational obligations, payroll and VAT risks<\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<td data-label=\"Recommended approach\">Swiss operational governance, reinforced accounting and administration<\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/tr>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<tr><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<td><strong>Company with a purely nominee director<\/strong><\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<td data-label=\"Frequent risks\">Tax risks, board-member liability, substance issues<\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<td data-label=\"Recommended approach\">Real management, monitoring, documented governance and regular follow-up<\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/tr>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<tr><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<td><strong>Company with foreign shareholders and international flows<\/strong><\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<td data-label=\"Frequent risks\">FATCA\/CRS reporting, heightened bank monitoring, compliance risks<\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<td data-label=\"Recommended approach\">Reinforced documentation, KYC analysis, overall economic coherence<\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/tr>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<tr><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<td><strong>Company with tax or social-insurance difficulties<\/strong><\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<td data-label=\"Frequent risks\">Director\u2019s joint and several liability, VAT\/AHV enforcement<\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<td data-label=\"Recommended approach\">Swift intervention, administrative regularisation and reinforced monitoring<\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/tr>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<tr><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<td><strong>Real-estate holding or asset-holding company<\/strong><\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<td data-label=\"Frequent risks\">Banking difficulties, heightened tax monitoring, substance issues<\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<td data-label=\"Recommended approach\">Coherent asset-holding structuring and documented governance<\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/tr>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<tr><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<td><strong>International association<\/strong><\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<td data-label=\"Frequent risks\">AMLA risks, international donations, insufficient governance<\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<td data-label=\"Recommended approach\">Reinforced documentation, structured governance, banking compliance<\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/tr>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<tr><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<td><strong>Swiss or international foundation<\/strong><\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<td data-label=\"Frequent risks\">High regulatory supervision, reputational and banking issues<\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<td data-label=\"Recommended approach\">Structured foundation board, rigorous administration, reinforced compliance<\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/tr>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<tr><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<td><strong>International group or listed company entering Switzerland<\/strong><\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<td data-label=\"Frequent risks\">High requirements for substance, governance and effective management<\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<td data-label=\"Recommended approach\">Credible Swiss establishment, full tax, banking and corporate coordination<\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/tr>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/tbody>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/table>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/section>\n<p>[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; width=&#8221;90%&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_code _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<section><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"section-head anim\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"chapter-mark\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"chapter-num\">13<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"chapter-label\">Our approach<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"chapter-rule\"><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<h2 class=\"h2\">Prior analysis, governance and acceptance of <em>mandates.<\/em><\/h2>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <pee class=\"lead\">Accepting a Swiss resident director or Swiss resident manager mandate today requires a far deeper analysis than only a few years ago \u2014 we do not treat it as a mere administrative formality.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- Editorial intro --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"anim arsv-mb-lg\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <pee style=\"font-size:18px;line-height:1.65;margin:0 0 12px;font-family:var(--msc-font-display);font-style:italic;color:var(--msc-black);\">We do not view this type of mandate as a simple administrative formality intended to satisfy the requirements of the Commercial Register.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <pee style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:1.7;color:var(--msc-gray-700);margin:0;\">The legal, tax, banking and regulatory risks borne by Swiss resident representatives have become particularly significant.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- PHASE 01 --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"anim arsv-mb-xl\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-head-rule\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-num-xxl\">01<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<h3 class=\"arsv-h3-block\">Before accepting any mandate, we analyse<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0;display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(220px,1fr));gap:8px;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<li class=\"arsv-card-callout\"><span class=\"arsv-mk-em\">\u00b7<\/span><span>the exact nature of the activities,<\/span><\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<li class=\"arsv-card-callout\"><span class=\"arsv-mk-em\">\u00b7<\/span><span>the financial and commercial flows,<\/span><\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<li class=\"arsv-card-callout\"><span class=\"arsv-mk-em\">\u00b7<\/span><span>the countries involved,<\/span><\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<li class=\"arsv-card-callout\"><span class=\"arsv-mk-em\">\u00b7<\/span><span>the beneficial owners,<\/span><\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<li class=\"arsv-card-callout\"><span class=\"arsv-mk-em\">\u00b7<\/span><span>FATCA and CRS issues,<\/span><\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<li class=\"arsv-card-callout\"><span class=\"arsv-mk-em\">\u00b7<\/span><span>VAT and customs stakes,<\/span><\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<li class=\"arsv-card-callout\"><span class=\"arsv-mk-em\">\u00b7<\/span><span>social-insurance and payroll obligations,<\/span><\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<li class=\"arsv-card-callout\"><span class=\"arsv-mk-em\">\u00b7<\/span><span>banking needs,<\/span><\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<li class=\"arsv-card-callout\"><span class=\"arsv-mk-em\">\u00b7<\/span><span>the expected level of economic substance,<\/span><\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<li class=\"arsv-card-callout\"><span class=\"arsv-mk-em\">\u00b7<\/span><span>effective-management risks,<\/span><\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<li class=\"arsv-card-callout\"><span class=\"arsv-mk-em\">\u00b7<\/span><span>and the regulatory and compliance constraints.<\/span><\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- Pull quote --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"anim\" style=\"margin-bottom:60px;padding:32px 36px;border-top:1px solid var(--msc-gray-200);border-bottom:1px solid var(--msc-gray-200);\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <pee style=\"font-family:var(--msc-font-display);font-size:24px;line-height:1.4;margin:0;font-style:italic;color:var(--msc-black);\">The main issues are not about the legal incorporation of the company itself, <em class=\"arsv-mk-red-soft\">but rather:<\/em><\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- PHASE 02 --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"anim arsv-mb-xl\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-head-rule\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-num-xxl\">02<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<h3 class=\"arsv-h3-block\">The real issues in practice<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<ul class=\"svc-filter-list\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>the real ability to open and maintain a stable banking relationship,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>the credibility of Swiss substance,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>international tax coherence,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>the documentation of flows,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>and the structure\u2019s ability to withstand a banking, tax or regulatory audit.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- PHASE 03 --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"anim arsv-mb-xl\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-head-rule\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-num-xxl\">03<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<h3 class=\"arsv-h3-block\">Warning signals &#038; analysed risks<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div style=\"display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(320px,1fr));gap:32px;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span class=\"arsv-eyebrow-red-mb\">Highly sensitive structures<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee style=\"font-size:14px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--msc-gray-600);margin:0 0 14px;\">In practice, certain structures may become extremely sensitive when:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<ul class=\"svc-filter-list\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>the flows are heavily internationalised,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>the beneficial owners are resident abroad,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>operations are poorly documented,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>the real activity is hard to identify,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>or the Swiss presence appears artificial.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span class=\"arsv-eyebrow-red-mb\">Potential issues<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee style=\"font-size:14px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--msc-gray-600);margin:0 0 14px;\">We also analyse whether the structure may become problematic in terms of:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-pill-row\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"arsv-pill\">VAT<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"arsv-pill\">AHV<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"arsv-pill\">withholding tax<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"arsv-pill\">substance<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"arsv-pill\">tax treaties<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"arsv-pill\">board-member liability<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- PHASE 04 --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"anim arsv-mb-xl\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-head-rule\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-num-xxl\">04<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<h3 class=\"arsv-h3-block\">When the difficulties arise <em class=\"arsv-em-red\">\u2014 several years later<\/em><\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <pee style=\"font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.65;color:var(--msc-gray-700);margin:0 0 24px;\">Our experience shows that a large number of difficulties arise several years after the company is incorporated, in particular:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div style=\"display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(180px,1fr));gap:12px;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-card-stat-top\"><svg width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--msc-black)\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"arsv-mb-sm\"><rect x=\"3\" y=\"3\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" rx=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M3 9h18\"\/><path d=\"M9 21V9\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"arsv-stat-num-block\">during a VAT audit,<\/span><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-card-stat-top\"><svg width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--msc-black)\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"arsv-mb-sm\"><path d=\"M16 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-4-4H5a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v2\"\/><circle cx=\"8.5\" cy=\"7\" r=\"4\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"arsv-stat-num-block\">during an AHV audit,<\/span><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-card-stat-top\"><svg width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--msc-black)\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"arsv-mb-sm\"><path d=\"M3 3v18h18\"\/><path d=\"m19 9-5 5-4-4-3 3\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"arsv-stat-num-block\">in a bankruptcy,<\/span><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-card-stat-top\"><svg width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--msc-black)\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"arsv-mb-sm\"><path d=\"M17 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-4-4H5a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v2\"\/><circle cx=\"9\" cy=\"7\" r=\"4\"\/><path d=\"M23 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-3-3.87\"\/><path d=\"M16 3.13a4 4 0 0 1 0 7.75\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"arsv-stat-num-block\">in a dispute between partners,<\/span><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-card-stat-top\"><svg width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--msc-black)\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"arsv-mb-sm\"><rect x=\"3\" y=\"11\" width=\"18\" height=\"11\" rx=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M7 11V7a5 5 0 0 1 10 0v4\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"arsv-stat-num-block\">when a bank closes the account,<\/span><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-card-stat-top\"><svg width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--msc-black)\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"arsv-mb-sm\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\"\/><line x1=\"4.93\" y1=\"4.93\" x2=\"19.07\" y2=\"19.07\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"arsv-stat-num-block\">or when a shareholder becomes unreachable.<\/span><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- Pull quote 2 --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"anim\" style=\"text-align:center;margin-bottom:60px;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <pee style=\"font-family:var(--msc-font-display);font-size:26px;line-height:1.35;margin:0;font-style:italic;color:var(--msc-black);\">This is precisely why we favour an approach that is <em class=\"arsv-mk-red-soft\">prudent, structured and focused on reducing risk.<\/em><\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- PHASE 05 --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"anim arsv-mb-lg\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-head-rule\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-num-xxl\">05<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<h3 class=\"arsv-h3-block\">Our criteria &#038; what we explain<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div style=\"display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(320px,1fr));gap:24px;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <!-- favour --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div style=\"padding:28px 32px;background:var(--msc-gray-50);border-radius:var(--msc-radius);\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span style=\"display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.18em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--msc-red);font-weight:600;margin-bottom:14px;\"><svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--msc-red)\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg>We favour structures that<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<ul class=\"svc-filter-list\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>show an identifiable economic logic,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>are compatible with current banking expectations,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>have credible governance,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<li>and enable a transparent collaboration between the board, shareholders and Swiss representatives.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <!-- explain --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div style=\"padding:28px 32px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--msc-gray-200);border-radius:var(--msc-radius);\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span style=\"display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.18em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--msc-red);font-weight:600;margin-bottom:14px;\"><svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--msc-red)\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><line x1=\"18\" y1=\"6\" x2=\"6\" y2=\"18\"\/><line x1=\"6\" y1=\"6\" x2=\"18\" y2=\"18\"\/><\/svg>Outdated approaches<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee style=\"font-size:13.5px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--msc-gray-600);margin:0 0 14px;font-style:italic;\">We explain to foreign entrepreneurs that certain approaches historically used in Switzerland are no longer appropriate today \u2014 in particular offshore-style nominee director services built around anonymity or Power of Attorney delegation:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<div class=\"svc-filter-col--refuse\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<ul class=\"svc-filter-list\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>a simple domicile company without substance,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>a purely nominee director,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>the absence of a real operational presence,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>or structures driven mainly by tax considerations with insufficient economic logic.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- Summary + cities --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"anim\" style=\"text-align:center;padding-top:32px;border-top:1px solid var(--msc-gray-200);\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <pee style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:1.7;color:var(--msc-gray-700);margin:0 0 28px;max-width:780px;display:inline-block;\">We mainly support entrepreneurs, SMEs, international groups and institutional structures wishing to build a serious, credible and defensible Swiss presence over the long term.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:center;gap:32px;align-items:baseline;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-num-quote\">Geneva<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span style=\"color:var(--msc-red);font-size:14px;\">\u25cf<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-num-quote\">Lucerne<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span style=\"color:var(--msc-red);font-size:14px;\">\u25cf<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-num-quote\">Zug<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/section>\n<p>[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; width=&#8221;90%&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_code _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<section><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"section-head anim\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"chapter-mark\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"chapter-num\">14<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"chapter-label\">Overall governance<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"chapter-rule\"><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<h2 class=\"h2\">Credible Swiss governance, compliance and <em>operational reality.<\/em><\/h2>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <pee class=\"lead\">Providing a Swiss resident director is no longer just a matter of adding a person to the Commercial Register \u2014 Art. 718 CO requires actual management presence in Switzerland, not a mere name on a public register.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- HEADLINE BLOCK --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"anim\" style=\"margin-bottom:60px;padding:36px 40px;background:var(--msc-gray-50);border-radius:var(--msc-radius);\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <span class=\"arsv-eyebrow-red-lg\">What the authorities now scrutinise<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <pee style=\"font-size:15.5px;line-height:1.7;color:var(--msc-gray-700);margin:0 0 24px;\">Banks, tax authorities, social-insurance offices and regulators now look far more deeply at:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div style=\"display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(180px,1fr));gap:12px;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-card-center\"><span class=\"arsv-eyebrow-italic-up\">i.<\/span>the reality of governance<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-card-center\"><span class=\"arsv-eyebrow-italic-up\">ii.<\/span>Swiss economic substance<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-card-center\"><span class=\"arsv-eyebrow-italic-up\">iii.<\/span>effective management<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-card-center\"><span class=\"arsv-eyebrow-italic-up\">iv.<\/span>the financial flows<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-card-center\"><span class=\"arsv-eyebrow-italic-up\">v.<\/span>operational coherence<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-card-center\"><span class=\"arsv-eyebrow-italic-up\">vi.<\/span>the real level of involvement of the Swiss board members<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- HISTORICAL COMPARISON --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"anim arsv-mb-xl\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <pee style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:1.7;color:var(--msc-gray-700);margin:0 0 24px;text-align:center;font-style:italic;\">We regularly see situations where many international structures still significantly underestimate this shift.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div style=\"display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(320px,1fr));gap:0;border:1px solid var(--msc-gray-200);border-radius:var(--msc-radius);overflow:hidden;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <!-- BEFORE --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div style=\"padding:32px 36px;background:#fff;border-right:1px solid var(--msc-gray-200);\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-head-row-plain\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span style=\"font-family:var(--msc-font-display);font-style:italic;color:var(--msc-gray-400);font-size:48px;line-height:1;\">\u2190<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <span style=\"display:block;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.18em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--msc-gray-500);font-weight:600;\">For a long time<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:var(--msc-font-display);font-size:20px;margin:2px 0 0;line-height:1.2;color:var(--msc-gray-500);\">What used to be enough<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee class=\"arsv-p-intro\">For a long time, certain companies could operate with:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<ul class=\"arsv-list\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li class=\"arsv-strike-row\"><span class=\"arsv-mk-gray\">\u25cb<\/span><span>a simple address,<\/span><\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li class=\"arsv-strike-row\"><span class=\"arsv-mk-gray\">\u25cb<\/span><span>a passive trustee director,<\/span><\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li class=\"arsv-strike-row\"><span class=\"arsv-mk-gray\">\u25cb<\/span><span>little or no real substance,<\/span><\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li class=\"arsv-strike-row\"><span class=\"arsv-mk-gray\">\u25cb<\/span><span>and governance largely exercised from abroad.<\/span><\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <!-- TODAY --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div style=\"padding:32px 36px;background:var(--msc-gray-50);\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-head-row-plain\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span style=\"font-family:var(--msc-font-display);font-style:italic;color:var(--msc-red);font-size:48px;line-height:1;\">\u2192<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <span class=\"arsv-eyebrow-red\">Today<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:var(--msc-font-display);font-size:20px;margin:2px 0 0;line-height:1.2;\">Hardly defensible<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee style=\"font-size:13.5px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--msc-gray-700);margin:0 0 16px;\">This approach is becoming harder and harder to defend:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <\/p>\n<div class=\"svc-filter-col--refuse\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<ul class=\"svc-filter-list\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>before banks,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>tax authorities,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>AHV authorities,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>business partners,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>and in certain international FATCA, CRS and BEPS contexts.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- Pull quote --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"anim\" style=\"margin-bottom:60px;text-align:center;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <pee style=\"font-family:var(--msc-font-display);font-size:26px;line-height:1.35;margin:0;font-style:italic;color:var(--msc-black);\">Our approach starts by analysing whether a structure can truly be <em class=\"arsv-mk-red-soft\">coherent, credible and defensible<\/em> in Switzerland over the long term.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- BLOCK: What we analyse --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"anim arsv-mb-xl\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <span class=\"arsv-eyebrow-red-lg\">Our analysis grid<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:var(--msc-font-display);font-size:24px;margin:0 0 20px;line-height:1.2;\">In practice, we analyse in particular<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-pill-row\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-pill\">the real nature of the activities<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-pill\">commercial and financial flows<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-pill\">the countries involved<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-pill\">banking needs<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-pill\">VAT matters<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-pill\">substance risks<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-pill\">social-insurance obligations<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-pill\">effective-management stakes<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-pill\">and compliance and reputational risks<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- Favour \/ Refuse split --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"anim\" style=\"display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(320px,1fr));gap:24px;margin-bottom:60px;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div style=\"padding:32px;border-top:3px solid var(--msc-red);background:#fff;border-right:1px solid var(--msc-gray-200);border-bottom:1px solid var(--msc-gray-200);border-left:1px solid var(--msc-gray-200);border-radius:0 0 var(--msc-radius) var(--msc-radius);\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-eyebrow-red-mb\">We favour<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <pee class=\"arsv-p-intro\">We favour structures showing:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<div class=\"svc-filter-col--accept\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<ul class=\"svc-filter-list\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>an identifiable economic logic,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>a commitment to compliance,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>a real activity,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>credible governance,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>and a transparent collaboration with the board and shareholders.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div style=\"padding:32px;border-top:3px solid var(--msc-gray-300);background:var(--msc-gray-50);border-radius:0 0 var(--msc-radius) var(--msc-radius);\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span style=\"display:block;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.18em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--msc-gray-600);font-weight:600;margin-bottom:14px;\">By contrast, we decline<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <pee class=\"arsv-p-intro\">We regularly decline situations where:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<div class=\"svc-filter-col--refuse\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<ul class=\"svc-filter-list\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>the structure appears artificial,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>there is no real economic need in Switzerland,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>banking risks appear disproportionate,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>the flows are insufficiently documented,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>or regulatory risks become incompatible with our oversight obligations.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- Pull quote 2 --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"anim\" style=\"margin-bottom:48px;text-align:center;padding:0 20px;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <pee style=\"font-family:var(--msc-font-display);font-size:28px;line-height:1.35;margin:0;font-style:italic;color:var(--msc-black);\">Our role is not simply to provide a Swiss resident director.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- Scope of support --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"anim\" style=\"margin-bottom:60px;padding:36px 40px;background:var(--msc-gray-50);border-radius:var(--msc-radius);\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <span class=\"arsv-eyebrow-red-lg\">Our scope of support<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <pee class=\"arsv-p-lead\">We support our clients in structuring coherent Swiss establishments covering in particular:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div style=\"display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(200px,1fr));gap:10px;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-card-rule\">governance<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-card-rule\">registered address<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-card-rule\">accounting<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-card-rule\">VAT<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-card-rule\">payroll<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-card-rule\">social insurance<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-card-rule\">banking relationships<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-card-rule\">administrative obligations<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div style=\"padding:14px 18px;background:#fff;border-left:3px solid var(--msc-red);border-radius:0 8px 8px 0;font-size:13.5px;grid-column:span 2;\">and coordination with notaries, banks, insurers and authorities<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- Sectors --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"anim arsv-mb-xl\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <span class=\"arsv-eyebrow-red-lg\">Sectors covered<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:var(--msc-font-display);font-size:24px;margin:0 0 20px;line-height:1.2;\">We regularly act in situations where the stakes go far beyond the simple incorporation of a company<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-pill-row\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-pill-rect-sm\">international groups<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-pill-rect-sm\">holdings<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-pill-rect-sm\">e-commerce structures<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-pill-rect-sm\">industrial companies<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-pill-rect-sm\">technology companies<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-pill-rect-sm\">cross-border activities<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-pill-rect-sm\">imports and logistics<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-pill-rect-sm\">asset-holding structures<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"arsv-pill-rect-sm\">international associations and foundations<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- Prevention --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"anim arsv-mb-xl\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <span class=\"arsv-eyebrow-red-lg\">What our involvement prevents<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <pee class=\"arsv-p-lead\">In many situations, our involvement is also aimed at preventing:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div style=\"display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(240px,1fr));gap:12px;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-card-icon-row\"><span class=\"arsv-icon-circle-red\"><svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--msc-red)\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><line x1=\"18\" y1=\"6\" x2=\"6\" y2=\"18\"\/><line x1=\"6\" y1=\"6\" x2=\"18\" y2=\"18\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"arsv-stat-text\">bank refusals,<\/span><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-card-icon-row\"><span class=\"arsv-icon-circle-red\"><svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--msc-red)\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><line x1=\"18\" y1=\"6\" x2=\"6\" y2=\"18\"\/><line x1=\"6\" y1=\"6\" x2=\"18\" y2=\"18\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"arsv-stat-text\">VAT issues,<\/span><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-card-icon-row\"><span class=\"arsv-icon-circle-red\"><svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--msc-red)\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><line x1=\"18\" y1=\"6\" x2=\"6\" y2=\"18\"\/><line x1=\"6\" y1=\"6\" x2=\"18\" y2=\"18\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"arsv-stat-text\">AHV risks,<\/span><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-card-icon-row\"><span class=\"arsv-icon-circle-red\"><svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--msc-red)\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><line x1=\"18\" y1=\"6\" x2=\"6\" y2=\"18\"\/><line x1=\"6\" y1=\"6\" x2=\"18\" y2=\"18\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"arsv-stat-text\">tax recharacterisation risks,<\/span><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-card-icon-row\"><span class=\"arsv-icon-circle-red\"><svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--msc-red)\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><line x1=\"18\" y1=\"6\" x2=\"6\" y2=\"18\"\/><line x1=\"6\" y1=\"6\" x2=\"18\" y2=\"18\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"arsv-stat-text\">substance issues,<\/span><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"arsv-card-icon-row\"><span class=\"arsv-icon-circle-red\"><svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--msc-red)\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><line x1=\"18\" y1=\"6\" x2=\"6\" y2=\"18\"\/><line x1=\"6\" y1=\"6\" x2=\"18\" y2=\"18\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"arsv-stat-text\">or certain organisational-default situations that may engage the liability of the Swiss board members.<\/span><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- Final manifesto + CTA --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"anim\" style=\"padding:40px 44px;border:1px solid var(--msc-gray-200);border-radius:var(--msc-radius);text-align:center;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <pee style=\"font-family:var(--msc-font-display);font-size:24px;line-height:1.4;margin:0 0 28px;font-style:italic;color:var(--msc-black);\">We now consider that a Swiss resident director must form part of a <em class=\"arsv-mk-red-soft\">coherent and defensible overall governance framework<\/em>, and not be used as a mere administrative formality \u2014 an offshore-style Swiss nominee director arrangement is no longer a defensible model under Swiss banking KYC and tax substance scrutiny.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"hero-acts\" style=\"justify-content:center;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <a class=\"btn-primary\" href=\"#contact\"><span>Request a prior analysis \u2192<\/span><\/a><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <a class=\"btn-ghost\" href=\"tel:+41225668244\">+41 22 566 82 44<\/a><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/section>\n<p>[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; width=&#8221;90%&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_code _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<section id=\"faq\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"faq-in\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"faq-left anim-left\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"s-label\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<h2 class=\"s-title\">Your questions on Swiss <em>resident director services.<\/em><\/h2>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <pee class=\"s-sub\">Answers to the questions that come up most often in our prior analyses. For a specific situation, please contact Andres Taracido directly.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"faq-questions anim-right\" id=\"faqList\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"question\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<h3>Is a Swiss resident director mandatory?<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>Yes.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>Swiss law requires certain companies to have at least one person domiciled in Switzerland with signing authority to validly represent the company on the Commercial Register (Art. 718 para. 4 Swiss Code of Obligations).<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>For an SA, at least one director or officer domiciled in Switzerland must be able to represent the company.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>For a S\u00e0rl, at least one manager domiciled in Switzerland with signing authority is required under Art. 814 CO.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"question\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<h3>What is the difference between a Swiss resident director and a Swiss nominee director?<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>The two are fundamentally different.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>A Swiss resident director, under Art. 718 CO, must actually contribute to the management of the company \u2014 with real involvement, regular oversight, and documented governance.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>A Swiss nominee director, in the offshore sense (UK, Singapore, Cyprus, Hong Kong), is a purely formal director whose role is limited to lending a name to the public register, typically combined with a Power of Attorney granted to the beneficial owner. That model is not defensible in Switzerland: it conflicts with Art. 718 CO, with Swiss banking KYC standards and with tax substance scrutiny.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>My Swiss Company SA operates a substance-driven trustee mandate \u2014 not an offshore nominee structure.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"question\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<h3>What are nominee director services?<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>In the offshore sense, nominee director services consist of providing a formal director whose name appears on the public register, while the beneficial owner retains full operational control \u2014 typically via a Power of Attorney and a confidential nominee agreement.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>This model is widely used in jurisdictions such as the UK, Singapore, Cyprus or Hong Kong, often with privacy and anonymity as the main objective.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>In Switzerland, this approach does not work. Swiss banking compliance, Art. 718 CO, AMLA and tax substance rules require a real Swiss management presence \u2014 substance over signature, transparency over anonymity.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>Unlike offshore nominee director services, our Swiss director services for foreign companies are built on a substance-driven trustee mandate fully compliant with Swiss FINMA-OAR standards.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"question\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<h3>What are the responsibilities of a Swiss resident director?<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>Under Art. 718 CO and Art. 716a CO, a Swiss resident director has, in particular:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<ul><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>a duty of supervision and care,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>the legal representation of the company in Switzerland,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>an obligation to ensure that bookkeeping is properly maintained,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>a duty to monitor the company\u2019s financial situation,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>compliance with tax and social-insurance obligations,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>and a duty to act when problems arise (Art. 725 CO).<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"question\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<h3>What are the risks of acting as a nominee director in Switzerland?<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>The risks are substantial. A Swiss resident director, even a purely formal one, can engage their personal liability with respect to:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<ul><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>VAT,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>AHV social contributions,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>Swiss withholding tax,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>certain insolvency situations (Art. 725 CO),<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>breaches of oversight obligations,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>and certain criminal-law risks.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>Banks may close accounts, the tax authorities may recharacterise the structure, and the director\u2019s private assets may be exposed. This is why offshore-style nominee director arrangements are not appropriate in Switzerland.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"question\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<h3>How does Art. 718 CO apply to foreign-owned Swiss subsidiaries?<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>Art. 718 para. 4 of the Swiss Code of Obligations requires that any Swiss SA \u2014 including foreign-owned subsidiaries \u2014 be represented by at least one person domiciled in Switzerland with the power to bind the company through their signature.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>This is not a passive formality. Art. 718 CO requires actual management presence in Switzerland \u2014 not a mere name on a public register. The Swiss resident director must contribute to the governance and oversight of the entity, document the management process, and ensure compliance with Swiss tax, social-insurance and regulatory obligations.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>For foreign-owned Swiss subsidiaries, this translates into a substance-driven trustee mandate aligned with Swiss banking KYC, FATCA\/CRS reporting and economic-substance expectations.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"question\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<h3>Can I set up a Swiss company without living in Switzerland?<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>Yes.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>Many foreign entrepreneurs incorporate and operate Swiss companies without personally residing in Switzerland.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>However, the following issues must be seriously analysed:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<ul><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>economic substance,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>effective management,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>banking relationships,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>international taxation,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>VAT,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>social-insurance obligations,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>and the overall coherence of the structure.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"question\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<h3>Is a simple Swiss address enough today?<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>In many situations, no.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>For a long time, certain structures could operate with:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<ul><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>a simple registered address,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>a trustee director,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>and little real substance.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>Today, banks and authorities scrutinise much more closely:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<ul><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>the reality of the activity,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>operational presence,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>governance,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>employees,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>offices,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>and the overall economic coherence of the structure.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"question\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<h3>Do Swiss banks analyse Swiss economic substance?<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>Yes, very thoroughly.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>Swiss banks scrutinise in particular:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<ul><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>real activities,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>financial flows,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>the countries involved,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>shareholders and beneficial owners,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>FATCA and CRS matters,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>effective management,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>governance,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>and the real level of economic substance in Switzerland.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>In certain situations, banks may request:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<ul><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>contracts,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>invoices,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>business plans,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>evidence of activity,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>offices,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>employees,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>or detailed operational evidence.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"question\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<h3>What is a passive or domicile company?<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>A passive or domicile company is generally a structure:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<ul><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>without significant operational entrepreneurial activity,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>without employees,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>with little economic substance,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>and whose income comes mainly from passive sources or equity interests.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>In this type of situation, banks typically apply enhanced compliance procedures.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>FATCA and CRS obligations also become significantly heavier when:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<ul><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>the beneficial owners are resident abroad,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>the flows are international,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>or the structure mainly holds assets or equity interests.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"question\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<h3>Does a Swiss holding need economic substance?<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>Very often, yes.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>Even when a holding does not directly carry out an operational commercial activity, banks and tax authorities generally analyse:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<ul><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>governance,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>the functions actually carried out in Switzerland,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>the financial flows,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>effective management,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>and the overall coherence of the structure.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>A simple address with a nominee director is often no longer enough today.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"question\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<h3>Is the Swiss resident director personally liable?<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>Yes.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>In certain situations, the authorities may engage the personal liability of Swiss resident directors or representatives.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>This may concern, in particular:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<ul><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>VAT,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>AHV,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>withholding tax,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>payroll,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>tax obligations,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>or certain breaches of oversight duties.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>In some cases, the authorities may seek payment directly from the private assets of the Swiss resident director or manager.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"question\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<h3>Why have Swiss resident director services become so sensitive?<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>Because legal, tax and regulatory risks have increased significantly in recent years.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>In practice:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<ul><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>banks apply very strict compliance rules,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>tax authorities have a broad legal basis,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>FATCA and CRS obligations have been reinforced,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>and the liability of Swiss board members is significant.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>This is precisely why few professionals today accept this type of mandate without a thorough prior analysis.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"question\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<h3>Does a trustee director run the day-to-day activity of the company?<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>In principle, no.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>Within a classic trustee mandate on a trust basis, the director acts primarily:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<ul><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>to provide the legal representation,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>to coordinate certain administrative matters,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>and to oversee certain compliance obligations.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>Operational and commercial decisions generally remain under the control of the group\u2019s shareholders and executives.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"question\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<h3>What happens if the client stops cooperating?<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>In certain situations, we may terminate the mandate and request our deregistration from the Commercial Register.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>This may concern, in particular:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<ul><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>unmet tax obligations,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>VAT or AHV issues,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>the absence of bookkeeping,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>compliance risks,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>or persistent absence of client instructions.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>In this context, the company will have to appoint a new Swiss resident representative quickly.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>Failing that, the company may face judicial proceedings for organisational default.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"question\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<h3>Do you also provide accounting, VAT and administrative services?<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>Yes.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>We also support our clients on:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<ul><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>accounting,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>financial statements,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>Swiss VAT,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>fiscal representation,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>payroll,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>social insurance,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>administration,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>banking relationships,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>and overall administrative follow-up.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"question\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<h3>Do you act for international groups and foreign companies?<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>Yes.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>We regularly support:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<ul><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>foreign entrepreneurs,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>international groups,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>holdings,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>start-ups,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>industrial companies,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>e-commerce structures,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>technology companies,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>associations,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>and certain international foundations.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"question\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<h3>Do you decline certain files?<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>Yes.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>We regularly decline certain mandates when:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<ul><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>the structure appears artificial,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>compliance risks are too high,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>Swiss substance appears insufficient,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>the flows are insufficiently documented,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>or no real economic logic justifies the Swiss presence.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>We favour structures that are:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<ul><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>coherent,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>credible,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>compliant,<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>and compatible with current regulatory and banking expectations.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/section>\n<p>[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; module_id=&#8221;contact&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#f8f8fa&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;2_5,3_5&#8243; make_equal=&#8221;on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; width=&#8221;90%&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;2_5&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_code _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_enable_image=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<div class=\"contact-info-panel\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"s-label\">Contact the Expert<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<h2 class=\"s-title\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    Your trusted<!\u2013- [et_pb_br_holder] -\u2013><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <span>Corporate Services Provider<\/span> partner<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/h2>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <pee class=\"contact-intro\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    Fill in our contact form or call us to obtain an audit of your situation.<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- Trust indicators (ct-info) --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"ct-info\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"ct-info-i\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"ct-info-ic\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M17.657 16.657L13.414 20.9a1.998 1.998 0 01-2.827 0l-4.244-4.243a8 8 0 1111.314 0zM15 11a3 3 0 11-6 0 3 3 0 016 0z\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <strong>Real Swiss substance<\/strong><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span>Offices, governance and decisions operated from Switzerland.<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"ct-info-i\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"ct-info-ic\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M9 12l2 2 4-4m5.618-4.016A11.955 11.955 0 0112 2.944a11.955 11.955 0 01-8.618 3.04A12.02 12.02 0 003 9c0 5.591 3.824 10.29 9 11.622 5.176-1.332 9-6.03 9-11.622 0-1.042-.133-2.052-.382-3.016z\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <strong>Reinforced compliance<\/strong><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span>Swiss banking and AML standards applied to every mandate.<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"ct-info-i\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"ct-info-ic\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M13 10V3L4 14h7v7l9-11h-7z\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <strong>Senior leadership<\/strong><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span>Experienced contact, direct and multilingual communication.<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"ct-info-i\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"ct-info-ic\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M12 15v2m-6 4h12a2 2 0 002-2v-6a2 2 0 00-2-2H6a2 2 0 00-2 2v6a2 2 0 002 2zm10-10V7a4 4 0 00-8 0v4h8z\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <strong>Swiss confidentiality<\/strong><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span>Data hosted in Switzerland, strict legal framework.<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- Adresses bureaux avec ic\u00f4ne location --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"contact-addresses\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"address-card\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"address-card-head\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <svg class=\"address-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M21 10c0 7-9 13-9 13s-9-6-9-13a9 9 0 0 1 18 0z\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<h5>Offices in Geneva<\/h5>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <pee>Rue Ferdinand Hodler 23,<!\u2013- [et_pb_br_holder] -\u2013>1207 Geneva, Switzerland<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <a href=\"tel:+41225668244\">+41 22 566 82 44<\/a><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"address-card\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"address-card-head\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <svg class=\"address-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M21 10c0 7-9 13-9 13s-9-6-9-13a9 9 0 0 1 18 0z\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<h5>Offices in Lucerne<\/h5>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <pee>Tribschenstrasse 62a,<!\u2013- [et_pb_br_holder] -\u2013>6005 Lucerne, Switzerland<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <a href=\"tel:+41415667646\">+41 41 566 76 46<\/a><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/div>\n<p>[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;3_5&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;3rem|3rem|3rem|3rem|true|true&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;2rem||2rem||true|true&#8221; custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;off|tablet&#8221; border_radii=&#8221;on|4px|4px|4px|4px&#8221; border_width_all=&#8221;1px&#8221; border_color_all=&#8221;#e5e5ea&#8221; box_shadow_spread_tablet=&#8221;-76px&#8221; box_shadow_spread_phone=&#8221;-76px&#8221; box_shadow_spread_last_edited=&#8221;on|tablet&#8221; box_shadow_position_tablet=&#8221;outer&#8221; box_shadow_position_last_edited=&#8221;off|tablet&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_code _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  Contact the Expert<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  Fill in the form and we will get back to you quickly.<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/pee><!\u2013- [et_pb_br_holder] -\u2013><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\n<div class=\"wpcf7 no-js\" id=\"wpcf7-f5720-o1\" lang=\"en-US\" dir=\"ltr\" data-wpcf7-id=\"5720\">\n<div class=\"screen-reader-response\"><p role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-atomic=\"true\"><\/p> <ul><\/ul><\/div>\n<form action=\"\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5169#wpcf7-f5720-o1\" method=\"post\" class=\"wpcf7-form init\" aria-label=\"Contact form\" novalidate=\"novalidate\" data-status=\"init\">\n<fieldset class=\"hidden-fields-container\"><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7\" value=\"5720\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_version\" value=\"6.1.6\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_locale\" value=\"en_US\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_unit_tag\" value=\"wpcf7-f5720-o1\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_container_post\" value=\"0\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_posted_data_hash\" value=\"\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_recaptcha_response\" value=\"\" \/>\n<\/fieldset>\n<p><label>Title*<\/label><span class=\"wpcf7-form-control-wrap\" data-name=\"civilite\"><select class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-select wpcf7-validates-as-required\" aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\" name=\"civilite\"><option value=\"Mr\">Mr<\/option><option value=\"Ms\">Ms<\/option><\/select><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p><label>Organization \/ Group<\/label><span class=\"wpcf7-form-control-wrap\" data-name=\"company\"><input size=\"40\" maxlength=\"400\" class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-text\" aria-invalid=\"false\" value=\"\" type=\"text\" name=\"company\" \/><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p><label>First name*:<\/label><span class=\"wpcf7-form-control-wrap\" data-name=\"firstname\"><input size=\"40\" maxlength=\"400\" class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-text wpcf7-validates-as-required\" aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\" value=\"\" type=\"text\" name=\"firstname\" \/><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p><label>Last name*:<\/label><span class=\"wpcf7-form-control-wrap\" data-name=\"lastname\"><input size=\"40\" maxlength=\"400\" class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-text wpcf7-validates-as-required\" aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\" value=\"\" type=\"text\" name=\"lastname\" \/><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p><label>Business email*:<\/label><span class=\"wpcf7-form-control-wrap\" data-name=\"email\"><input size=\"40\" maxlength=\"400\" class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-email wpcf7-validates-as-required wpcf7-text wpcf7-validates-as-email\" autocomplete=\"email\" aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\" value=\"\" type=\"email\" name=\"email\" \/><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p><label>Phone number*:<\/label><span class=\"wpcf7-form-control-wrap\" data-name=\"phone\"><input size=\"40\" class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-phonetext wpcf7-validates-as-required wpcf7-text wpcf7-validates-as-phonetext\" autocomplete=\"tel\" data-numberonly=\"true\" aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\" value=\"\" type=\"text\" name=\"phone\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"phone-country-code\" class=\"wpcf7-phonetext-country-code\" \/><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"wpcf7-form-control-wrap\" data-name=\"service\"><select class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-select\" aria-invalid=\"false\" name=\"service\"><option value=\"\">Select a service<\/option><option value=\"Accounting, VAT, Taxation &amp; Payroll Management\">Accounting, VAT, Taxation &amp; Payroll Management<\/option><option value=\"Director &amp; manager mandate\" selected=\"selected\">Director &amp; manager mandate<\/option><option value=\"VAT tax representative\">VAT tax representative<\/option><option value=\"Company registered office services\">Company registered office services<\/option><option value=\"Company formation and establishment\">Company formation and establishment<\/option><option value=\"Creation and management of private and public-interest foundations\">Creation and management of private and public-interest foundations<\/option><option value=\"Swiss association formation\">Swiss association formation<\/option><option value=\"Financial advisory services\">Financial advisory services<\/option><\/select><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"wpcf7-form-control-wrap\" data-name=\"message\"><textarea cols=\"40\" rows=\"10\" maxlength=\"2000\" class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-textarea wpcf7-validates-as-required\" aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\" placeholder=\"Tell us about your project: objective, company type, timeline...\" name=\"message\"><\/textarea><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p><input class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-submit has-spinner\" type=\"submit\" value=\"Send\" \/>\n<\/p><div class=\"wpcf7-response-output\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/form>\n<\/div>\n[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; width=&#8221;90%&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_code _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<div class=\"msc-services-in\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/p>\n<div class=\"section-head anim\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"h2\" style=\"margin-top:24px;\">All <em>My Swiss Company<\/em> services in Switzerland.<\/h2>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <pee class=\"lead\">Beyond company formation, My Swiss Company SA supports entrepreneurs and international groups across the entire life cycle of their Swiss entity \u2014 registered address, administration, fiscal representation and governance, complementing our Swiss resident director services.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"svc-grid anim\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <!-- 1. ACCOUNTING --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <a class=\"svc-card\" href=\"https:\/\/my-swiss-company.com\/en\/our-services\/administration-services-for-swiss-companies\/\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"svc-top\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"svc-badge\">Administration<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<div class=\"svc-ico\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M4 4h16v18l-2-1.5L16 22l-2-1.5L12 22l-2-1.5L8 22l-2-1.5L4 22z\"\/><path d=\"M8 9h8M8 13h8M8 17h5\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"svc-body\">\n<h3>Accounting, VAT, Payroll &#038; SME Taxation<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<ul class=\"svc-feat\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>Bookkeeping, year-end closing and CO-compliant financial statements<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>VAT: returns, rate review and prevention of reassessments<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>Payroll: AHV, BVG, UVG, permits and employee taxation<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"svc-foot\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"svc-go\">Learn more <svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.6\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"svc-meta\">Operational compliance<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/a><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <!-- 2. COMPANY FORMATION --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <a class=\"svc-card\" href=\"https:\/\/my-swiss-company.com\/en\/our-services\/swiss-company-formation-services\/\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"svc-top\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"svc-badge\">Formation<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<div class=\"svc-ico\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><rect x=\"4\" y=\"3\" width=\"16\" height=\"18\" rx=\"1.5\"\/><path d=\"M9 21v-4h6v4M8 7h.01M8 11h.01M12 7h.01M12 11h.01M16 7h.01M16 11h.01\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"svc-body\">\n<h3>Swiss Company Formation: SA, S\u00e0rl, Branch &#038; Holding<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<ul class=\"svc-feat\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>Company formation: SA, S\u00e0rl, branch &#038; holding<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>Incorporation with deed, capital and Commercial Register filing<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>Company formation with banking and tax rationale<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"svc-foot\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"svc-go\">Learn more <svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.6\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"svc-meta\">Bankable formation<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/a><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <!-- 3. DIRECTOR (current page) --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <a class=\"svc-card current\" href=\"https:\/\/my-swiss-company.com\/en\/our-services\/swiss-resident-director-swiss-nominee\/\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"svc-top\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"svc-badge\">Governance<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<div class=\"svc-ico\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M20 13c0 5-3.5 7.5-7.66 8.95a1 1 0 0 1-.67-.01C7.5 20.5 4 18 4 13V6a1 1 0 0 1 1-1c2 0 4.5-1.2 6.24-2.72a1.17 1.17 0 0 1 1.52 0C14.51 3.81 17 5 19 5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1z\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"svc-body\">\n<h3>Swiss Resident Director &#038; Manager: Trustee Mandate<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<ul class=\"svc-feat\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>Swiss resident director for SAs with valid representation<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>Swiss resident manager for S\u00e0rls with documentary follow-up<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>KYC, governance and periodic review in Switzerland<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"svc-foot\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"svc-go\">Learn more <svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.6\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"svc-meta\">Liability mandate<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/a><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <!-- 4. REGISTERED ADDRESS --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <a class=\"svc-card\" href=\"https:\/\/my-swiss-company.com\/en\/our-services\/registered-address-switzerland\/\" aria-current=\"page\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"svc-top\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"svc-badge\">Presence<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<div class=\"svc-ico\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"svc-body\">\n<h3>Registered Address: Legal Seat &#038; Mail Handling<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<ul class=\"svc-feat\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>Legal-seat address, c\/o and official Commercial Register notifications<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>Receipt, sorting and forwarding of administrative and banking mail<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>Registered address integrated within a real administration structure<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"svc-foot\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"svc-go\">You are here <svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.6\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"svc-meta\">Supervised presence<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/a><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <!-- 5. VAT --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <a class=\"svc-card\" href=\"https:\/\/my-swiss-company.com\/en\/our-services\/tax-representative-for-vat-in-switzerland\/\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"svc-top\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"svc-badge\">Tax<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<div class=\"svc-ico\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M12 17V7\"\/><path d=\"M16 8h-6a2 2 0 0 0 0 4h4a2 2 0 0 1 0 4H8\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"svc-body\">\n<h3>Swiss VAT Fiscal Representative for Foreign Companies<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<ul class=\"svc-feat\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>Swiss VAT registration and official fiscal representation<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>Quarterly VAT returns, corrections and exchanges with the FTA &#038; customs<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>Upstream analysis of VAT-liability and non-compliance risks<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"svc-foot\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"svc-go\">Learn more <svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.6\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"svc-meta\">Cross-border VAT<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/a><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <!-- 6. FOUNDATIONS --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <a class=\"svc-card\" href=\"https:\/\/my-swiss-company.com\/en\/our-services\/formation-of-charitable-foundations-in-switzerland\/\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"svc-top\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"svc-badge\">Structures<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<div class=\"svc-ico\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M4 10l8-5 8 5\"\/><path d=\"M6 10v8M10 10v8M14 10v8M18 10v8\"\/><path d=\"M3 18h18\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"svc-body\">\n<h3>Swiss Foundation Formation &#038; Administration<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<ul class=\"svc-feat\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>Formation of private, family or charitable foundations<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>Structuring, board governance and annual administrative follow-up<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<li>Tax framework, potential exemption and documentary compliance<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"svc-foot\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"svc-go\">Learn more <svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.6\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"svc-meta\">Substantive structure<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/a><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/div>\n<p>[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Home Our services Swiss Resident Director Services Service \u00b7 Governance &#038; Direction Swiss Resident Director &#038; Manager Services \u2014 substance-driven trustee mandate. My Swiss Company SA provides senior Swiss resident director and Swiss resident manager services to foreign companies, holdings, family offices and international groups operating Swiss SA, S\u00e0rl, branch offices, associations or foundations. We [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3893,"parent":5148,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5169","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-swiss-company.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5169","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-swiss-company.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-swiss-company.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-swiss-company.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-swiss-company.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5169"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/my-swiss-company.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5169\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11787,"href":"https:\/\/my-swiss-company.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5169\/revisions\/11787"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-swiss-company.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5148"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-swiss-company.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3893"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-swiss-company.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5169"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}